基础研究

肠道菌群失调与青春期社交隔离小鼠认知障碍的关联性及关键致病菌群鉴定

  • 敬金洲 ,
  • 李泽林 ,
  • 罗争意 ,
  • 胡玉莹
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  • 1.南华大学衡阳医学院 (湖南 衡阳 421001 )
    2.广州医科大学附属脑科医院研究所 (广东 广州 510120 )
    3.广东省中医院(广州中医药大学第二附属医院)病理科 (广东 广州 510120 )

收稿日期: 2025-07-03

  网络出版日期: 2025-10-10

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32170953);广东省自然科学基金项目(2023A1515010165);广东省自然科学基金项目(2024A1515010966)

Gut microbiota dysbiosis in adolescent socially isolated mice with cognitive impairment and identification of key pathogenic microbial communities

  • Jinzhou JING ,
  • Zelin LI ,
  • Zhengyi LUO ,
  • Yuying. HU
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  • *.Class of Clinical Medicine,Hengyang Medical School,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,Hunan,China

Received date: 2025-07-03

  Online published: 2025-10-10

摘要

目的 阐明青春期社交隔离(adolescent social isolation,ASI)诱发小鼠认知障碍的肠道菌群机制,并鉴定关键致病菌群。 方法 将16只出生后21 ~ 23 d的雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组(群养,每笼4只,n = 8)和社交隔离实验组(单笼饲养,每笼1只,n = 8)。持续单笼饲养干预5周(5-ASI)后,收集小鼠粪便进行16S rRNA测序以分析肠道菌群,并通过Y迷宫实验、新物体识别实验和旷场实验评估其认知功能。最后,联合菌群丰度与行为学参数进行相关性分析,筛选与认知障碍相关的差异菌属。 结果 (1)行为学:Y迷宫实验表明5-ASI组小鼠自发交替率显著低于对照组(P < 0.01);新物体识别实验显示5-ASI组小鼠的认知指数显著降低(P < 0.001),证实其空间记忆与识别记忆受损。旷场实验显示5-ASI组小鼠运动距离无显著变化,提示运动能力未受损。(2)菌群分析: 16S rRNA测序显示,5-ASI组小鼠肠道菌群的α多样性显著降低(P < 0.05),表明肠道菌群的生物多样性水平降低;β多样性显示两组菌群结构显著分离(P < 0.001),表明整体肠道菌群的一些菌丰度发生明显改变。LEfSe分析发现5-ASI组Prevotellaceae_ NK3B31_group、Tyzzerella、Allobaculum、Ruminococcus菌属丰度显著降低,而另一些Butyricicoccus、Lachnoclostridium菌属丰度显著升高。(3)相关性: 行为学与差异菌属相关性分析表明,某些菌属(如:Prevotellaceae_ NK3B31_group、Allobaculum、Ruminococcus菌)的丰度与认知水平呈正相关,而另一些菌属(如:Butyricicoccus、Lachnoclostridium菌)的丰度则呈负相关。 结论 本研究表明,青春期长期社交隔离可导致小鼠的认知受损(空间记忆和识别记忆显著降低),并伴随肠道菌群结构与多样性的显著紊乱。相关性分析提示,特定菌属(如:Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group、Allobaculum、Ruminococcus菌属)的增加和(如:Butyricicoccus、Lachnoclostridium菌属)减少可能与认知障碍的发生密切相关。

本文引用格式

敬金洲 , 李泽林 , 罗争意 , 胡玉莹 . 肠道菌群失调与青春期社交隔离小鼠认知障碍的关联性及关键致病菌群鉴定[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025 , 41(19) : 3000 -3007 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.19.007

Abstract

Objective To elucidate the role of gut microbiota in cognitive impairment induced by adolescent social isolation (ASI) and identify key pathogenic microbial communities. Methods Sixteen male C57BL/6 mice (postnatal days 21 ~ 23) were randomly assigned to a control group (group?housed, 4/cage, n = 8) or an ASI group (single?housed, 1/cage, n = 8). After 5 weeks of ASI (5?ASI), fecal samples underwent 16S rRNA sequencing for microbiota analysis. Cognitive behavior was assessed using open field, Y?maze, novel object recognition tests. Correlation analysis integrated microbial abundance with behavioral parameters to screen cognition?associated taxa. Results (1) Behavior: 5?ASI mice showed unchanged locomotion (open field) but significantly reduced spontaneous alternation (Y?maze, P < 0.01) and lower cognitive index (novel object recognition, P < 0.001), confirming spatial and recognition memory deficits. (2) Microbiota: 5?ASI mice exhibited decreased α?diversity (P < 0.05) and altered β?diversity (P < 0.001). LEfSe analysis revealed depleted taxa (e.g., Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Tyzzerella, Allobaculum, Ruminococcus) and enriched taxa (e.g., Butyricicoccus, Lachnoclostridium). (3) Correlations: Positive associations with cognitive performance were observed for Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Allobaculum, and RuminococcusP < 0.05), while Butyricicoccus and Lachnoclostridium showed negative correlations (P < 0.05). Conclusion Adolescent social isolation induces spatial/recognition memory impairment and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Specific microbial alterations (Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Butyricicoccus) correlate with cognitive deficits, providing novel insights into microbiota?mediated mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

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