收稿日期: 2025-06-03
网络出版日期: 2025-09-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31771170)
Current status and prospects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for children with autism
Received date: 2025-06-03
Online published: 2025-09-25
孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是起病于儿童的严重神经发育障碍,其核心特征包括持续社会交往障碍、重复刻板行为。近年来,全球范围内的患病率呈持续上升趋势。然而,目前尚缺乏能够改善脑功能的有效治疗手段。该文系统总结高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen, HBO)治疗在ASD中的作用机制、临床疗效及安全性,并探讨其在治疗中的潜在价值。研究表明,HBO治疗通过以下机制发挥作用:提升血浆氧饱和度,改善脑缺血区供氧;抑制小胶质细胞活化,降低促炎因子水平;调节肠道微生物稳态,修复脑-肠轴功能失衡。临床研究显示,HBO治疗与ABA相结合时,可显著降低ASD儿童的行为量表评分,同时提高其社会交往能力、生活自理能力及语言行为水平。此外,HBO治疗还对氧化应激指标以及部分脑区灌注产生积极调控作用。安全性方面,严格遵循操作规程可将气压伤等副作用的发生率降至极低水平。该文为HBO治疗在ASD规范化应用中提供了循证依据,未来研究需进一步优化治疗方案(如压力和氧浓度参数的选择)、并明确其长期疗效。
杨妍 , 胡明一 , 王程灵 , 谭杰文 . 高压氧治疗儿童孤独症谱系障碍的前景探索[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025 , 41(18) : 2820 -2827 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.18.006
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by persistent social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. In recent years, its global prevalence has shown a continuous upward trend. However, there remains a lack of effective treatments capable of improving brain function in ASD.This article systematically reviews the mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and safety of HBOT in ASD, while exploring its potential therapeutic value. Research indicates that HBOT exerts its effects through the following mechanisms: enhancing plasma oxygen saturation, thereby improving oxygen supply to ischemic brain regions; inhibiting microglial activation, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels; modulating gut microbiota homeostasis, restoring brain-gut axis dysfunction. Clinical studies demonstrate that when HBOT is combined with Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), it significantly reduces behavioral scale scores in children with ASD while improving their social interaction, self-care abilities, and verbal communication. Additionally, HBOT positively regulates oxidative stress markers and enhances perfusion in specific brain regions. Regarding safety, strict adherence to operational protocols minimizes the risk of adverse effects (e.g., barotrauma). This review provides evidence-based support for the standardized application of HBOT in ASD. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment protocols (e.g., pressure and oxygen concentration parameters) and evaluating long-term efficacy.
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