嗜铬细胞瘤和副神经节瘤（PPGL）是一种独特的神经内分泌肿瘤，其临床特征除血流动力学异常外，还包括围手术期的血糖紊乱，均与儿茶酚胺分泌异常相关。低血糖是PPGL术后常见的并发症，其机制主要与术后反跳性胰岛素分泌和胰岛素敏感性恢复相关。PPGL术后低血糖因症状隐匿、潜在危害严重而需高度重视，其危险因素包括分泌以肾上腺素为主的儿茶酚胺类激素、较长的手术时间、较大的肿瘤和既往合并终末肾脏疾病史，因此术前识别高危人群、术中密切监测和术后及时干预尤为重要。本篇文章系统总结了近年PPGL术后低血糖的流行病学、发生机制、临床诊疗及预后，并在临床诊疗部分提出了创新性的研究方向和框架，如α受体阻滞剂的最佳时间窗和最佳剂量、微剂量胰高血糖素的可能应用、糖代谢调控分子机制和靶向干预策略等。该综述旨在填补该领域围术期规范化管理的空白，为临床实践提供兼具创新性和可操作性的参考。

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma （PPGL） are rare neuroendocrine tumors characterized not only by hemodynamic instability but also by fluctuations in blood glucose levels during the perioperative period. These features are closely associated with significant variations in catechromamine secretion. Hypoglycemia is a common postoperative complication in patients with PPGL and is primarily attributed to rebound insulin secretion and enhanced insulin sensitivity following tumor resection. Postoperative hypoglycemia requires heightened clinical attention due to its often subtle presentation and potential for serious complications. Known risk factors include the presence of an epinephrine-secreting tumor， prolonged operative time， larger tumor size， and a history of end-stage renal disease. Therefore， it is essential to identify high-risk patients preoperatively， ensure meticulous intraoperative monitoring， and implement timely postoperative interventions. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the epidemiology， underlying mechanisms， clinical diagnosis， management strategies， and prognosis of postoperative hypoglycemia in PPGL. Importantly， it introduces novel research directions and conceptual frameworks for the first time， including the optimal timing and dosage of α-receptor antagonists， potential applications of micro-dose glucagon therapy， and molecular mechanisms with targeted interventions in glucose metabolism regulation. This review aims to address the current lack of standardized perioperative management protocols and to offer innovative and clinically relevant guidance for healthcare professionals.