目的 探讨早期肺康复训练对胸腔镜手术患者术后肺功能恢复、并发症发生率及生活质量的影响。 方法 采用随机对照试验设计，纳入2020年6月至2023年6月的132例胸腔镜手术患者，随机分为早期组（n = 72）和常规组（n = 60）。早期组在术后24 ~ 72 h启动分阶段康复（呼吸训练、运动干预等），常规组仅接受基础护理。比较两组术后肺功能（FEV₁、FVC）、并发症发生率、住院时间及生活质量评分（总分40分）。 结果 早期组术后第3天、第7天FEV₁［（1.6 ± 0.17）L vs. （1.3 ± 0.21） L； （1.9 ± 0.20） L vs. （1.6 ± 0.11） L］及FVC［（2.5 ± 0.20）L vs. （2.1 ± 0.14）L；（2.9 ± 0.25）L vs. （2.3 ± 0.23）L］显著优于常规组（均P < 0.05）。早期组总并发症发生率显著更低（14.3% vs. 33.3%， χ2 = 6.79， P = 0.009），其中肺不张（6.9% vs. 20.0%， P = 0.031）及肺部感染（4.2% vs. 13.3%， P = 0.044）减少。早期组住院时间更短［（8.4 ± 1.2）d vs. （10.9 ± 2.3）d， P = 0.018］，生活质量评分更高［（35.6 ± 3.7）分 vs. （30.8 ± 4.5）分， P = 0.032］。不良反应总发生率组间差异无统计学意义（23.6% vs. 31.7%， χ2 = 1.07， P = 0.301）。 结论 早期肺康复训练可有效促进胸腔镜手术患者的肺功能恢复，减少并发症的发生，提升生活质量，且具有良好的安全性。该干预措施应在临床中广泛应用，以提高术后患者的康复效果。

Objective To investigate the effects of early pulmonary rehabilitation training on lung function recovery， complication rates， and quality of life in patients who undergo thoracoscopic surgery. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 132 patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery between June 2020 and June 2023. Participants were randomly allocated to either an early pulmonary rehabilitation program （n = 72） or a conventional rehabilitation program （n = 60）. The early intervention group commenced a staged rehabilitation protocol—including respiratory training and physical exercise—within 24 to 72 hours following surgery， whereas the conventional group received standard postoperative nursing care only. Outcomes measured included postoperative pulmonary function （FEV₁， FVC）， incidence of postoperative complications， length of hospital stay， and quality of life scores （maximum score： 40）. These outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results On postoperative days 3 and 7， the early group showed significantly higher FEV₁ values compared to the conventional group ［（1.6 ± 0.17） L vs. （1.3 ± 0.21） L； （1.9 ± 0.20） L vs. （1.6 ± 0.11） L， respectively］， as well as improved FVC measurements ［（2.5 ± 0.20） L vs. （2.1 ± 0.14） L； （2.9 ± 0.25） L vs. （2.3 ± 0.23） L （all P < 0.05）］. The early intervention group also demonstrated a significantly lower overall complication rate （14.3% vs. 33.3%， χ2 = 6.79， P = 0.009）， including reduced incidences of atelectasis （6.9% vs. 20.0%， P = 0.031） and pulmonary infection （4.2% vs. 13.3%， P=0.044）. Additionally， patients in the early group had a shorter average hospital stay ［（8.4 ± 1.2） days vs. （10.9 ± 2.3） days， P = 0.018］ and reported higher quality of life scores ［（35.6 ± 3.7） vs. （30.8 ± 4.5）， P = 0.032］. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the overall incidence of adverse events （23.6% vs. 31.7%， χ2 = 1.07， P = 0.301）. Conclusions Early pulmonary rehabilitation significantly facilitates the recovery of lung function， reduces the incidence of postoperative complications， enhances quality of life， and demonstrates a favorable safety profile among patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery. Therefore， this intervention should be more broadly implemented in clinical practice to optimize postoperative recovery outcomes.