目的 探讨ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1焦亡信号通路在针刀干预腰椎间盘突出症（lumbar disc herniation， LDH）模型兔神经根炎性反应中的作用机制。 方法 将40只新西兰大白兔随机分为空白对照组（10只）和模型对照组（10只）、电针干预组（阳性对照组）（10只）和针刀干预组（10只），模型对照组、电针干预组和针刀干预组采用经典自体髓核移植方法建立LDH神经根炎性反应模型，造模成功后进行干预。取背根神经节组织应用荧光探针染色检测活性氧（reactive oxygen species， ROS）的水平、Western blot检测核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3（nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain like receptor pyrin domain containing 3， NLRP3）炎性小体相关蛋白（NLRP3、适配蛋白（apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a CARD， ASC）、Gasdermin D N末端片段（Gasdermin D N-terminal fragment， GSDMD-N）、半胱天冬酶-1（cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease 1， Caspase-1）的表达和钙黄绿素乙酰氧甲酯（Calcein Acetoxymethyl Ester， Calcein AM）染色检测线粒体通透转换孔的开放情况。 结果 各组背根神经节组织ROS的相对荧光强度比较，模型对照组显著高于空白对照组（P < 0.05），电针干预和针刀干预组显著低于模型对照组（P < 0.05）。各组Western blot检测背根神经节组织NLRP3、ASC、GSDMD-N、Caspase-1的表达比较，模型对照组NLRP3、ASC、GSDMD-N、Caspase-1的表达显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）；电针干预组NLRP3、ASC、GSDMD-N、Caspase-1的表达显著低于模型对照组（P < 0.05）；针刀干预组NLRP3、ASC、GSDMD-N、Caspase-1的表达显著低于模型对照组（P < 0.05）。各组线粒体通透转换孔的相对荧光强度检测结果比较，模型对照组显著高于空白对照组（P < 0.05）；电针干预和针刀干预组相对于模型对照组显著下降（P < 0.05）。 结论 针刀通过靶向调控ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1信号轴，抑制细胞焦亡，减轻神经根的炎性反应，阐明了针刀通过调控ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1介导的细胞焦亡下游通路，揭示了针刀治疗LDH的潜在分子机制。

Objective To investigate the role of the ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pyroptosis signaling pathway in mediating the inflammatory response of nerve roots in a rabbit model of lumbar disc herniation （LDH） following acupotomy intervention. Methods Forty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups： a blank control group （10 rabbits）， a model control group （10 rabbits）， an electroacupuncture intervention group （positive control group， 10 rabbits）， and an acupotomy intervention group （10 rabbits）. The LDH nerve root inflammatory response model was established in the model control group， electroacupuncture intervention group， and acupotomy intervention group using the classical autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation method. Following successful model establishment， corresponding interventions were administered. Dorsal root ganglion tissues were then collected for analysis. Reactive oxygen species levels were assessed using fluorescent probe staining. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins （NLRP3， ASC， GSDMD-N， and Caspase-1） was evaluated by Western blot. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening was assessed via Calcein AM staining. Results The comparison of relative fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species in dorsal root ganglion tissue among the groups indicated that the model control group exhibited significantly higher levels compared to the blank control group （P < 0.05）. Both the electroacupuncture intervention group and the acupotomy intervention group demonstrated significantly lower levels than the model control group （P < 0.05）. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of NLRP3， ASC， GSDMD-N， and Caspase-1 in the model control group were significantly elevated compared to those in the blank control group （P< 0.05）. Both intervention groups showed markedly reduced expression of these proteins compared to the model control group （P < 0.05）. Additionally， the assessment of mitochondrial permeability transition pore activity based on relative fluorescence intensity showed a significant increase in the model control group compared to the blank control group （P < 0.05）， with both intervention groups exhibiting significantly lower levels than the model control group （P < 0.05）. Conclusions Acupotomy therapy modulates the ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway， thereby inhibiting pyroptosis and attenuating the inflammatory response in nerve roots. This elucidates the potential molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of acupotomy on LDH through the regulation of ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1-mediated downstream signaling cascades.