目的 探讨首发精神分裂症男性患者吸烟行为与认知功能及人格特征之间的关系，为精神分裂症患者个体化治疗提供理论支持。 方法 研究共纳入医院2022年1月至2023年12月收治的首发男性精神分裂症患者140例，依据患者吸烟行为分为吸烟组（80例）和非吸烟组（60例），另招募健康对照组，依据受试者吸烟行为分为健康吸烟组（62例）和健康非吸烟组（67例）。以PANSS量表评估两精神分裂症组患者的精神症状，以FTND量表评估两吸烟组受试者的尼古丁依赖程度，分别采用RBANS、EPQ评估所有受试者的认知功能、人格特征。 结果 认知功能方面，精神分裂症吸烟组在即刻记忆、注意力和延迟记忆维度得分显著高于非吸烟组（均P < 0.05）；精神分裂症组FTND得分与其注意力和延迟记忆呈中度负相关（r = -0.552、-0.657，P < 0.001）；人格特征方面，吸烟者的神经质与精神质得分均显著高于非吸烟者（均P < 0.001），两个患者组掩饰性得分均显著低于健康对照组（均P < 0.01），健康吸烟者的外向性得分显著高于其他组。 结论 首发精神分裂症男性患者的吸烟行为在认知功能表现及人格特质方面具有一定的特征性：吸烟者在注意力、即刻记忆、延迟记忆等认知维度上的表现相对更佳，而尼古丁依赖程度越高，则相关认知功能（注意力和延迟记忆）越差；在人格方面，吸烟患者表现出更高的神经质与精神质倾向。吸烟行为可能与患者的认知水平和个体特质存在显著关联，需在精神分裂症干预中予以关注。

Objective To explore the associations among smoking behavior， cognitive function， and personality traits in first-episode male patients with schizophrenia， thereby providing theoretical underpinnings for individualized treatment strategies in clinical settings. Methods A total of 140 first-episode male inpatients with schizophrenia admitted to the hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were recruited. According to their smoking behavior， they were categorized into a smoking group （n = 80） and a non-smoking group （n = 60）. Moreover， healthy controls were recruited and classified into a healthy smoking group （n = 62） and a healthy non-smoking group （n = 67） based on their smoking status. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） was employed to evaluate psychiatric symptoms in the schizophrenia groups. Nicotine dependence was measured using the Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine Dependence （FTND） in the two smoking groups. Cognitive function and personality traits were assessed in all participants using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status （RBANS） and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ）， respectively. Results Regarding cognitive function， the smoking group among schizophrenia patients demonstrated significantly higher scores than the non-smoking group in immediate memory， attention， and delayed memory （all P < 0.05）. Among schizophrenia patients， FTND scores were moderately negatively correlated with attention and delayed memory （r = -0.552 and -0.657 respectively； both P < 0.001）. Concerning personality traits， smokers had significantly higher scores in neuroticism and psychoticism compared to non-smokers （both P < 0.001）. Both patient groups had significantly lower lie scale scores when contrasted with healthy controls （P < 0.01）， while the healthy smoking group showed significantly higher extraversion scores than the other groups. Conclusions The smoking behavior of male patients during their first episode of schizophrenia exhibits specific characteristics in relation to cognitive performance and personality traits. Smokers demonstrate relatively superior performance in cognitive domains including attention， immediate memory， and delayed memory. However， higher degrees of nicotine dependence are associated with poorer cognitive function， especially in the aspects of attention and delayed memory. Regarding personality， smoking patients display elevated levels of neuroticism and psychoticism. These findings indicate that smoking behavior may be closely associated with cognitive functioning and personality traits， thus meriting clinical attention in the management of schizophrenia.