目的 比较示踪用盐酸米托蒽醌注射液（MHI）和纳米炭混悬注射液（CNSI）在腔镜甲状腺癌根治术中的应用。 方法 回顾分析2022年12月至2024年2月于甘肃省中心医院普外科行腔镜单侧甲状腺癌根治术的患者，根据术中使用示踪剂种类将患者分为米托蒽醌组和纳米炭组，术后随访6个月，比较两组患者的基线资料，观察两组患者术中淋巴结及甲状旁腺显影情况，比较两组患者住院费用以及术后并发症发生率。 结果 米托蒽醌组110例，纳米炭组126例，纳米炭组的中央区淋巴结显影时间明显快于米托蒽醌组（P < 0.05）；米托蒽醌蓝染率为97.5%，纳米炭黑染率为98.3%，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；米托蒽醌组清扫出（9.34 ± 0.22）枚中央区淋巴结，纳米炭组清扫出（9.88 ± 0.24）枚中央区淋巴结，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；米托蒽醌组甲状旁腺误切率1.8%，纳米炭组甲状旁腺误切率为0.8%，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；两组在术后1 d、1个月、6个月血钙和PTH水平均差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05），术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退及低钙血症的发生率在两组间未见显著差异（P > 0.05），且两组患者均未出现永久性甲状旁腺功能减退或永久性声音嘶哑。米托蒽醌组术后均未出现大出血、乳糜漏和皮肤染色，纳米炭组出现1例术后大出血、1例乳糜漏及2例皮肤染色；米托蒽醌组的住院费用明显低于纳米炭组（P < 0.001）。 结论 在腔镜下单侧甲状腺癌根治术中，示踪用MHI与CNSI在淋巴结示踪效果和甲状旁腺保护方面无显著差异，但相比之下，CNSI中央区淋巴结染色时间更快，而MHI操作更简便、代谢更快、性价比更高。

Objective To explore the significance of mitoxantrone hydrochloride injection and carbon nanoparticles suspension injection in endoscopic radical thyroid cancer surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on patients who underwent endoscopic radical surgery for unilateral thyroid cancer at the Department of General Surgery， Gansu Provincial Central Hospital， from December 2022 to February 2024. The patients were classified into two groups according to the intraoperative tracer employed： the mitoxantrone group and the nanocarbon group. After a 6-month postoperative follow-up， the baseline data of the two patient groups were compared. The intraoperative visualization of lymph nodes and parathyroid glands in both groups was observed. Additionally， the hospitalization costs and the incidence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results In this study， 110 cases were included in the Mitoxantrone group and 126 cases in the nanocarbon group. The staining time of the central lymph nodes was significantly shorter in the nanocarbon group compared to the mitoxantrone group （P < 0.05）. The blue staining rate of MHI reached 97.5%， while the black staining rate of CNSI was 98.3%. The difference between them was not statistically significant （P > 0.05）. Regarding the number of central lymph nodes dissected， it was 9.34 ± 0.22 in the Mitoxantrone group and 9.88 ± 0.24 in the nanocarbon group， with no statistically significant difference （P > 0.05）. Similarly， the parathyroid misdissection rates were 1.8% and 0.8% in the two groups respectively， and no significant statistical difference was observed （P > 0.05）. Postoperative blood calcium and PTH levels measured at 1 day， 1 month， and 6 months did not show any statistically significant differences between the two groups （P > 0.05）. The incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia was comparable in both groups （P > 0.05）， and no patients developed permanent hypoparathyroidism or permanent hoarseness. None of the patients in one Mitoxantrone group experienced postoperative hemorrhage， coeliac leakage， or skin staining. In contrast， in the nanocarbon group， there was one case of postoperative hemorrhage and one case of coeliac leakage， and two case of skin staining. Conclusions In laparoscopic unilateral thyroid cancer radical surgery， when it comes to lymph node tracing and parathyroid gland protection， no significant disparities were detected between MHI and CNSI. Nevertheless， CNSI exhibits a shorter staining time for central lymph nodes. In contrast， MHI is more manageable， features a faster metabolic rate， and has been demonstrated to be more cost-effective.