目的 分析唾液白细胞介素-33（IL-33）、抗唾液腺蛋白1（SP-1）抗体水平与原发性干燥综合征（pSS）唾液腺损伤相关性。 方法 选择2020年3月至2025年1月宜兴市人民医院收治的91例pSS患者记为观察组，另选择医院同时间段性别、年龄匹配的健康体检者42例记为对照组。对比观察组与对照组的唾液IL-33（采用酶联免疫吸附法检测）、抗SP-1抗体（采用化学发光法检测）水平及临床资料，对比不同唾液腺超声检查（SGUS）评分患者唾液IL-33、抗SP-1抗体水平，分析pSS患者唾液IL-33、抗SP-1抗体水平与唾液流速、临床指标及SGUS评分的相关性。 结果 观察组的唾液IL-33、抗SP-1抗体水平高于对照组（P < 0.05）。观察组的动态唾液流速、静态唾液流速低于对照组（P < 0.05），观察组的中性粒细胞计数、CD4⁺细胞计数、免疫球蛋白IgG高于对照组（P < 0.05）。颌下腺SGUS评分≥ 2分患者的唾液IL-33、抗SP-1抗体水平高于颌下腺SGUS评分< 2分患者（P < 0.05），腮腺SGUS评分≥ 2分患者的唾液IL-33、抗SP-1抗体水平高于腮腺SGUS评分< 2分患者（P < 0.05）。相关性分析结果显示，pSS患者唾液IL-33、抗SP-1抗体水平与动态唾液流速、静态唾液流速、CD4⁺细胞计数及SGUS评分均呈正相关（P < 0.05），pSS患者唾液IL-33、抗SP-1抗体水平与IgG、中性粒细胞计数无相关性（P > 0.05）。二元logistic回归分析显示唾液IL-33、抗SP-1抗体均为SGUS评分≥ 2分的独立危险因素（P < 0.05）。 结论 唾液IL-33、抗SP-1抗体水平是pSS患者SGUS评分≥ 2分的独立危险因素，且与pSS患者唾液流速、CD4⁺细胞计数及SGUS评分呈正相关，二者有潜力作为评估pSS患者唾液腺损伤的指标。

Objective To investigate the correlation between salivary interleukin-33 （IL-33） and anti-salivary gland protein 1 （SP-1） antibody levels and salivary gland injury in primary Sjogren's syndrome （pSS）. Methods A total of 91 patients with pSS admitted to Yixing People's Hospital from March 2020 to January 2025 were recruited as the observation group. Meanwhile， 42 healthy individuals who were matched for gender and age and visited the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in saliva， along with clinical data， were compared between the observation group and the control group. Additionally， the levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in saliva were compared among patients with different salivary gland ultrasound （SGUS） scores. Moreover， the correlations between the levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in saliva of pSS patients and saliva flow rate， clinical indicators， and SGUS scores were analyzed. Results The levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P < 0.05）. The dynamic saliva flow rate and static saliva flow rate in the observation group were notably lower than those in the control group （P < 0.05）， while the neutrophil count， CD4⁺ cell count， and immunoglobulin G（IgG） levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P < 0.05）. In patients with a submandibular gland Sj?gren's Ultrasound Scoring （SGUS） score ≥ 2， the levels of salivary IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies were significantly higher than those in patients with a submandibular gland SGUS score < 2 （P < 0.05）. Similarly， in patients with a parotid gland SGUS score ≥2， the levels of salivary IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies were significantly higher than those in patients with a parotid SGUS score < 2 （P < 0.05）. Correlation analysis indicated that the levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in the saliva of pSS patients were positively correlated with the dynamic saliva flow rate， static saliva flow rate， CD4⁺ cell count， and SGUS score （P < 0.05）. However， the levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in the saliva of pSS patients were not correlated with the IgG level and neutrophil count （P > 0.05）. Conclusions The levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in saliva are positively correlated with the saliva flow rate， CD4⁺ cell count， and SGUS score in pSS patients. These findings suggest that these factors can serve as valuable indicators for evaluating salivary gland injury in pSS patients.