目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者¹³¹I治疗后出现味觉异常的特点以及影响因素。 方法 分析2023年8—12月南昌大学第一附属医院收治的DTC ¹³¹I治疗患者206例，¹³¹I治疗后随访患者味觉、口干、腮腺肿胀等情况，同时收集患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤TNM分期等一般临床资料，根据是否出现味觉异常分为味觉异常组和味觉正常组，比较两组患者一般资料的差异，然后采用多因素 logistic回归分析探究研究对象味觉异常的影响因素。 结果 （1）有42.23%患者出现了味觉异常，其中有68例患者出现不同程度味觉减低，3例出现味觉丧失，6例出现味觉敏感，24例患者出现味幻觉，有14例患者出现味觉减退的同时出现了味幻觉。（2）出现味觉异常最短时间为¹³¹I治疗后2 d，最长时间为20 d，中位时间7 d；持续时间最短3 d，最长的60 d，中位时间14 d。（3）在味觉异常组患者中，¹³¹I治疗后出现口干、腮腺肿胀症状比例高于味觉正常组患者，差异有统计学意义（P = 0.004、0.014），而性别、年龄、肿瘤TNM分期等比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05），多因素logistic回归分析显示，口干、腮腺肿胀是DTC患者¹³¹I治疗患者出现味觉异常的危险因素（P = 0.007、0.024）。 结论 味觉异常是DTC患者¹³¹I治疗后常见的不良反应，多为一过性，出现的中位时间为¹³¹I治疗后7 d，持续中位时间14天，味觉异常以味觉减低为主，口干和腮腺肿胀是发生味觉异常的危险因素。

Objective To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of taste abnormalities in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer （DTC） after ¹³¹I treatment. Methods A total of 206 DTC patients who received ¹³¹I treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from August 2023 to December 2023 were followed up for taste abnormalities， dry mouth， and parotid gland swelling. General clinical data including sex， age， and tumor TNM staging were collected. Based on the presence of taste abnormalities， the patients were divided into abnormal taste group and normal taste group. The differences in general data between the two groups were compared， and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of taste abnormalities. Results Totally， 42.23% of the patients experienced taste abnormalities， including 68 patients with varying degrees of reduced taste， 3 patients with a loss of taste， 6 patients with taste sensitivity， 24 patients with taste hallucinations， and 14 patients with both reduced taste and taste hallucinations. The shortest time for the onset of taste abnormalities was 2 days after ¹³¹I treatment， and the longest time was 20 days，with a median time of 7 days； The duration ranged from a minimum of 3 days to a maximum of 60 days， with a median of 14 days. The proportion of dry mouth and parotid gland swelling in patients with abnormal taste was higher than that in those with normal taste， showing statistical significance （P = 0.004， 0.014， respectively）. However， there was no statistical significance in terms of sex age， and tumor TNM stage （P > 0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that dry mouth and parotid gland swelling were risk factors for taste abnormalities in DTC patients treated with ¹³¹I （P = 0.007， 0.024， respectively）. Conclusion Abnormal taste is a common adverse reaction in DTC patients after ¹³¹I treatment， typically transient， with a median onset time of 7 days post-treatment and a median duration of 14 days. The primary manifestation is reduced taste， with dry mouth and parotid gland swelling identified as risk factors for its occurrence.