目的 采用重复经颅磁刺激联合水凝胶摄食训练进行治疗，分析对亚急性脑梗死后吞咽障碍患者的治疗效果及对吞咽功能的影响。 方法 选取2022年2月至2024年2月102例在盛京医院治疗的亚急性脑梗死后吞咽障碍患者，分为对照组、假刺激组、观察组各34例。对照组进行水凝胶摄食训练，假刺激组在对照组基础上进行假刺激，观察组在对照组基础上进行重复经颅磁刺激。检测对比两组患者吞咽功能、生活质量、神经功能、神经营养因子、营养状态、呼吸功能、脑血流信号、临床疗效。 结果 与治疗前相比，治疗后各组渗漏-误吸评分量表（PAS）、美国国卫院卒中（NHISS）评分、脉动指数（PI）降低，且观察组低于对照组、假刺激组（P < 0.05）。与治疗前相比，治疗后各组功能性经口摄食分级（FOIS）、吞咽障碍特异性生活质量（SWAL-QOL）评分、脑源性神经营养因子（BNDF）、神经生长因子（NGF）、胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）、血红蛋白（Hb）、白蛋白（ALB）、用力肺活量（FVC）、一秒钟用力呼气容积（FEV1）、呼气峰流速（PEF）、收缩期峰值速度（PSV）、舒张末期速度（EDV）、平均速度（MV）升高，且观察组高于对照组、假刺激组（P < 0.05）。观察组临床疗效较高（P < 0.05）。 结论 亚急性脑梗死后吞咽障碍患者采用重复经颅磁刺激联合水凝胶摄食训练治疗，可改善患者吞咽功能，降低神经损伤，提高患者营养状态和生活质量，临床使用效果较好。

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） combined with hydrogel feeding training on patients with dysphagia following subacute cerebral infarction， as well as its impact on swallowing function. Methods From February 2022 to February 2024， 102 patients with dysphagia after subacute cerebral infarction treated in our hospital were selected and divided into control group， sham stimulation group and observation group， with 34 cases in each group. The control group received hydrogel feeding training， the sham stimulation group received sham stimulation on the basis of the control group， and the observation group received repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation on the basis of the control group. The swallowing function， quality of life， nerve function， neurotrophic factor， nutritional status， respiratory function， cerebral blood flow signal and clinical efficacy of the two groups were measured and compared. Results Compared with pre-treatment， the leak-aspiration score scale （PAS）， NIHSS score， and pulse index （PI） were significantly reduced in all groups after treatment. Moreover， the observation group exhibited lower values than both the control group and the pseudostimulation group （P < 0.05）. In contrast， functional oral intake scale （FOIS）， dysphagia-specific quality of life （SWAL-QOL） score， brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， nerve growth factor （NGF）， insulin-like growth factor 1 （IGF-1）， hemoglobin （Hb）， albumin （ALB）， forced vital capacity （FVC）， one-second forced expiratory volume （FEV1）， peak expiratory flow （PEF）， peak systolic velocity （PSV）， end-diastolic velocity （EDV）， and mean velocity （MV） were significantly increased after treatment compared to pre-treatment. The observation group demonstrated higher values for these parameters compared to the control group and pseudostimulation group （P < 0.05）. Additionally， the clinical efficacy in the observation group was significantly higher （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The combination of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation and hydrogel feeding training for patients with dysphagia following subacute cerebral infarction can effectively enhance swallowing function， mitigate nerve damage， and improve both nutritional status and quality of life.