目的 探讨植物乳杆菌LB12对大鼠肾草酸钙结石的影响。 方法 6~8周龄的雄性SD大鼠24只，随机分为对照组、模型组、LB12组和LB12干预组，每组6只，对照组和LB12组自由饮水，早灌胃2 mL生理盐水，晚分别灌胃2 mL生理盐水和2 mL植物乳杆菌LB12悬液，模型组和LB12干预组给予1%乙二醇饮水，早灌胃2 mL 2% 氯化铵溶液，晚灌胃条件同前。实验结束后，绘制大鼠的体质量变化趋势图，检测每只大鼠的尿钙、尿草酸、血清肌酐、尿素氮、肾脏SOD、MDA水平，并对大鼠肾脏组织进行HE染色、VK染色、免疫组化、ROS荧光及Western blot（WB）分析。 结果 植物乳杆菌LB12的体外草酸盐降解率为12.34%，进一步的动物实验表明，植物乳杆菌LB12可改善模型大鼠的体质量下降趋势并降低尿钙、尿草酸、血肌酐、尿素氮、MDA水平及升高SOD水平（P < 0.05）。组织病理学分析显示，LB12干预组大鼠的肾脏结晶较模型组明显减少，IL-6、ROS的表达较模型组降低（P < 0.01）。WB实验结果表明，植物乳杆菌LB12抑制了TLR4/NF-κB、OPN的表达（P < 0.01）。 结论 植物乳杆菌LB12能有效缓解大鼠草酸钙结石对肾脏的氧化应激损伤，并抑制TLR4/NF-κB、OPN的表达，降低肾脏结晶的产生，是未来防治肾草酸钙结石的潜在疗法。

Objective To investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum LB12 on kidney calcium oxalate stones in rats. Methods A total of 24 male SD rats aged 6 ~ 8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups： control group， model group， LB12 group， and LB12 intervention group， with 6 rats in each group. The control group and LB12 group had free access to water， and were gavaged with 2 mL of normal saline in the morning. In the evening， the control group received 2 mL of normal saline， while the LB12 group received 2 mL of Lactobacillus plantarum LB12 suspension. The model group and LB12 intervention group were given 1% ethylene glycol in drinking water and 2 mL of 2% ammonium chloride solution via gavage in the morning. In the evening， both groups received 2 mL of normal saline and 2 mL of Lactobacillus plantarum LB12 suspension， respectively. After the experiment， the body weight change trend of the rats was recorded， and the levels of urinary calcium， urinary oxalate， serum creatinine， blood urea nitrogen， renal SOD， and MDA were measured. Additionally， H&E staining， VK staining， immunohistochemistry， ROS fluorescence analysis， and Western blot （WB） were performed on kidney tissues. Results Lactobacillus plantarum LB12 demonstrated a 12.34% oxalate degradation rate in vitro. Further animal experiments indicated that Lactobacillus plantarum LB12 alleviated the weight loss trend in the model rats and reduced the levels of urinary calcium， urinary oxalate， serum creatinine， urea nitrogen， and MDA， while increasing SOD levels （P < 0.05）. Histopathological analysis revealed that the LB12 intervention group had significantly fewer renal crystals compared to the model group， with lower expressions of IL-6 and ROS （P < 0.01）. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum LB12 inhibited the expression of TLR4， NF-κB， and OPN proteins （P < 0.01）. Conclusions Lactobacillus plantarum LB12 can effectively alleviate the oxidative stress damage caused by calcium oxalate stones to the kidneys and reduce kidney crystal formation in rats. Furthermore， it inhibits the expression of TLR4/NF-κB and OPN， making it a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of kidney calcium oxalate stones.