目的 观察评估直肠黏膜柱状缝合（Block）术联合聚桂醇注射在治疗女性直肠前突中的临床疗效和安全性。 方法 该研究回顾性分析2022年1月至2023年12月在南京医科大学附属逸夫医院接受治疗的90例女性直肠前突患者。按手术治疗方式分为三组：Block术联合聚桂醇注射术（BP组）30例、单纯Block术（B组）30例和传统吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids， PPH）术（H组）30例。比较三组患者的一般临床资料，围术期各项指标、围术期患者Longo′s 排便梗阻综合征（Longo′s ODS）评分、手术前后直肠前突程度、手术前后肛门直肠测压相关指标、手术疗效及围术期并发症情况。 结果 H组患者术中出血量显著高于B组和BP组（P < 0.05）。BP组在术后24 h VAS评分和住院时间方面优于H组和B组（P < 0.05）。术前三组患者的Longo′s ODS评分、直肠前突深度、肛管静息压和残余压差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；术后BP组的Longo′s ODS评分和直肠前突深度显著优于B组和H组（P < 0.05）。术后肛管静息压和残余压在三组间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05），但BP组更接近正常范围。BP组的总体显效率为93.3%，高于B组的73.3%和H组的66.7%（P < 0.05）；三组患者并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论 Block术联合聚桂醇注射术是治疗女性直肠前突的安全有效的方法，疗效优于单纯行PPH术及Block术，可有效恢复女性直肠生理解剖形态，改善患者临床症状。

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of rectal mucosal columnar suturing （Block technique） in combination with lauromacrogol injection for the treatment of female rectocele. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 90 female patients with rectocele who were treated at Sir Run Run Hospital， Nanjing Medical University， from January 2022 to December 2023. Patients were categorized into three groups according to their surgical treatments： Block combined with lauromacrogol injection （BP group， n = 30）， Block alone （B group， n = 30）， and Procedure for Prolapse and Hemorrhoids （PPH， H group， n = 30）. The study compared general clinical data， perioperative indicators， Longo′s Obstructed Defecation Syndrome （Longo′s ODS） scores， the degree of rectocele before and after surgery， anorectal manometry parameters， surgical efficacy， and perioperative complications among the three groups. Results The intraoperative blood loss in Group H was significantly higher compared to Groups B and BP （P < 0.05）. In terms of the 24?hour postoperative VAS score and hospital stay duration， Group BP demonstrated superior outcomes relative to Groups H and B （P < 0.05）. Preoperatively， there were no significant differences among the three groups regarding Longo′s ODS score， rectocele depth， resting anal pressure， or residual anal pressure （P > 0.05）. Postoperatively， Group BP exhibited significantly better Longo′s ODS scores and rectocele depth compared to Groups B and H （P < 0.05）. Although no significant differences were observed in postoperative resting and residual anal pressures among the three groups （P > 0.05）， the values in Group BP were closer to the normal range. The overall efficacy rate in Group BP was 93.3%， which was higher than the 73.3% in Group B and 66.7% in Group H （P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the complication rate across the three groups （P > 0.05）. Conclusions Block combined with lauromacrogol injection is a safe and effective treatment for female rectocele， demonstrating superior efficacy compared to both PPH and Block alone. This method not only effectively restores the physiological anatomy of the female rectum but also significantly improves clinical symptoms.