目的 探讨短时授精及短时授精联合早补救胞浆内单精子注射（early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection，E-RICSI）对 IVF患者临床结局及新生儿结局的影响。 方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2023年12月在生殖中心接受新鲜胚胎移植患者的临床资料，按授精方式分为：短时IVF组（n = 204），常规IVF组（n = 208），E-RICSI组（n = 13）和常规ICSI组（n = 92）。分别比较短时IVF组与常规IVF组、E-RICSI 组与常规ICSI组的受精情况、胚胎发育情况、妊娠结局和新生儿结局。 结果 与常规IVF组和常规ICSI组相比，短时IVF 组和E-RICSI组在胚胎发育、临床妊娠、流产、异位妊娠、活产、新生儿性别及出生体质量等方面差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05），但短时IVF组的受精率（79.11% vs. 84.39%，P < 0.001）和2PN受精率（63.98% vs. 70.83%，P < 0.001） 显著低于常规IVF组；E-RICSI组的受精率（65.49% vs. 91.68%，P < 0.001） 和2PN受精率（57.75% vs. 88.35%， P < 0.001）显著低于常规ICSI组。 结论 虽然与常规IVF和ICSI相比，短时授精和E-RICSI的受精率有所降低，但对胚胎发育、妊娠结局及新生儿结局并没有影响。短时授精结合早补救ICSI是预防完全受精失败的有效且安全的技术。

Objective This study aims to explore the impacts of short-term insemination and early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection （E-RICSI） on clinical and neonatal outcomes for IVF patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data from the patients who underwent fresh embryo transfer at the Reproductive Center from January 2019 to December 2023. Patients were divided into four groups based on fertilization method： short-term IVF group （n = 204）， conventional IVF group （n = 208）， E-RICSI group （n = 13） and conventional ICSI group （n = 92）. The fertilization rates， embryo development， pregnancy outcomes， and neonatal outcomes were compared between the short-term IVF and conventional IVF groups， and between the E-RICSI and conventional ICSI groups. Results There were no statistically significant differences in embryo development， clinical pregnancy， miscarriage， ectopic pregnancy， live birth rates， neonatal sex， and birth weight between the short-term IVF group and conventional IVF group. Similarly， no significant differences were observed in the E-RICSI group compared to the conventional ICSI group （P > 0.05）. However， the fertilization rate （79.11% vs. 84.39%， P < 0.001） and the rate of 2PN zygotes （63.98% vs. 70.83%， P < 0.001） were significantly lower in the short-term IVF group compared to the conventional IVF group； The fertilization rate （65.49% vs. 91.68%， P < 0.001） and the rate of 2PN zygotes （57.75% vs. 88.35%， P < 0.001） were significantly lower in the E-RICSI group compared to the conventional ICSI group. Conclusions Although the fertilization rate of short-term insemination and E-RICSI is lower than that of conventional IVF and ICSI， it has no effect on embryonic development， pregnancy outcome and neonatal outcome. Short-term insemination combined with early rescue ICSI is an effective and safe technology to prevent complete fertilization failure.