收稿日期: 2024-01-08
网络出版日期: 2024-09-30
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(82071543);科技创新2030-“脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目(2021ZD0200700);湖南省创新型省份建设专项资金(省重点研发计划)项目(2023SK2028);湖南省临床医疗技术创新引导项目(2020SK53415)
Development of digital therapy in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders
Received date: 2024-01-08
Online published: 2024-09-30
数字疗法在提供精准评估、增强诊疗效果方面表现突出,并具有便捷性、灵活性,以及降低额外开支、将防治关口前移的潜力。该文回顾精神疾病数字疗法的发展历程及其优势,探讨了数字疗法当前面临的一系列挑战,包括隐私、伦理与安全问题、技术可及性与数字鸿沟、临床验证与标准化不足,以及针对精神疾病患者的特殊风险。指出了未来的发展领域可能包括与脑机接口-神经反馈的融合应用、基于大语言模型的机器人治疗师、虚拟现实或元宇宙治疗,以及数字疗法与传统物理治疗/药物的结合。笔者呼吁当前迫切需要完善相关法规,确立统一的循证标准,加强医患培训与教育,建立多学科合作机制,共同推动精神疾病领域数字疗法的个性化与高效化。
张正 , 蒋正乾 , 刘佳丽 , 曹霞 , 周建松 . 数字疗法在精神疾病诊疗中的发展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024 , 40(18) : 2513 -2519 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2024.18.001
Digital therapy shows promise in providing precise assessments and enhancing the efficacy of treatments for mental illness, offering advantages such as convenience, flexibility, and the potential to reduce costs by shifting towards preventive care. This article reviews the development and benefits of digital therapy in mental health care and discusses the challenges it faces, including concerns over privacy, ethics, security, accessibility issues, digital divides, and the lack of sufficient clinical validation and standardization. It also highlights specific risks to mental health patients and explores potential future developments such as integration with brain-computer interfaces and neurofeedback, the use of robot therapists based on large language models, applications of virtual reality or the metaverse, and combinations with traditional physical treatments and medications. The author calls for urgent policy recommendations to refine regulations, establish unified evidence standards, enhance training and education for healthcare providers and patients, and to build multidisciplinary collaborative mechanisms to advance personalized and effective digital therapy in mental health.
Key words: digital therapy; mental illness; interdisciplinary cooperation
| 1 | CHARTIER M J, BOLTON J M, EKUMA O, et al. Suicidal Risk and Adverse Social Outcomes in Adulthood Associated with Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders[J]. Can J Psychiatry, 2022, 67(7): 512-523. doi:10.1177/07067437211055417 |
| 2 | LANDERS C, WIES B, IENCA M. Chapter 16-Ethical considerations of digital therapeutics for mental health[M]//JACOBSON N, KOWATSCH T, MARSCH L. Digital Therapeutics for Mental Health and Addiction. Academic Press, 2023: 205-217. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90045-4.00007-1 |
| 3 | OH J S, CHUNG J H. Introduction to Digital Therapeutics[J]. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg, 2022, 66(3): 147-155. doi:10.3342/kjorl-hns.2022.00542 |
| 4 | KLEIN A, CLUCAS J, KRISHNAKUMAR A, et al. Remote Digital Psychiatry for Mobile Mental Health Assessment and Therapy: MindLogger Platform Development Study[J]. J Med Internet Res, 2021, 23(11): e22369. doi:10.2196/22369 |
| 5 | KAZDIN A E, RABBITT S M. Novel Models for Delivering Mental Health Services and Reducing the Burdens of Mental Illness[J]. Clin Psychol Sci, 2013, 1(2): 170-191. doi:10.1177/2167702612463566 |
| 6 | ZHANG C, LIU Y, GUO X, et al. Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Using a Smartphone Application in China: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial[J]. JAMA Netw Open, 2023, 6(3): e234866. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.4866 |
| 7 | WU Y, XU L, WU Z, et al. Computer-based multiple component cognitive training in children with ADHD: A pilot study[J]. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health, 2023, 17(1): 9. doi:10.1186/s13034-022-00553-z |
| 8 | CARPER M M. Multimedia Field Test Thinking About Exposures? There′s an App for That![J]. Cogn Behav Pract, 2017, 24(1): 121-127. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.11.001 |
| 9 | RAPPAPORT L M, JEROME E, VAN AMERINGEN M, et al. North American open-label 16-week trial of the MindShift smartphone app for adult anxiety[J]. J Mood Anxiety Disord, 2023, 4: 100036. doi:10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100036 |
| 10 | ANGELER D G, EYRE H A, BERK M. Listening to the silent struggles of bipolar disorder through sonification of iMoodJournal data[J]. Bipolar Disorders, 2022, 24(6): 689. doi:10.1111/bdi.13210 |
| 11 | 夏雪. 数字赋能下我国运动数字疗法产业生态研究[D]. 武汉:武汉体育学院, 2023. |
| 12 | FAUST-CHRISTMANN C A, TAETZ B, ZOLYNSKI G, et al. A Biofeedback App to Instruct Abdominal Breathing (Breathing-Mentor): Pilot Experiment[J]. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 2019, 7(9): e13703. doi:10.2196/13703 |
| 13 | KIM H M, XU Y, WANG Y. Overcoming the Mental Health Stigma Through m-Health Apps: Results from the Healthy Minds Study[J]. Telemed J E Health, 2022, 28(10): 1534-1540. doi:10.1089/tmj.2021.0418 |
| 14 | 刘阳. EmoGPT——国内首款心理健康领域的AI大模型垂直应用发布[EB/OL]., 2023-07-01. |
| 15 | LI A, MA L, MEI Y, et al. Understanding Client Reactions in Online Mental Health Counseling[M]. Preprint:arXiv, 2023. doi:10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.577 |
| 16 | ANDERSSON G, TITOV N. Advantages and limitations of Internet-based interventions for common mental disorders[J]. World Psychiatry, 2014, 13(1): 4-11. doi:10.1002/wps.20083 |
| 17 | PEJOVIC V, MEHROTRA A, MUSOLESI M. Anticipatory Mobile Digital Health: Towards Personalized Proactive Therapies and Prevention Strategies[M]//NADIN M. Anticipation and Medicine. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017: 253-267. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45142-8_15 |
| 18 | EBERT D D, HARRER M, APOLINáRIO-HAGEN J, et al. Digital Interventions for Mental Disorders: Key Features, Efficacy, and Potential for Artificial Intelligence Applications[M]//KIM Y K. Frontiers in Psychiatry: Artificial Intelligence, Precision Medicine, and Other Paradigm Shifts. Singapore: Springer, 2019: 583-627. doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_29 |
| 19 | TAL A, TOROUS J. The digital mental health revolution: Opportunities and risks[J]. Psychiatr Rehabil J, 2017, 40(3): 263-265. doi:10.1037/prj0000285 |
| 20 | VERHAGEN S, VAN OS J, DELESPAUL P. 5 - Ecological momentary assessment and other digital technologies for capturing daily life in mental health[M]//STEIN D J, FINEBERG N A, CHAMBERLAIN S R. Mental Health in a Digital World. Academic Press, 2022: 81-108. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822201-0.00017-4 |
| 21 | 黄良江, 毛德文, 郑景辉, 等. 人工智能在肝性脑病风险预测模型中的应用进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 289-294. |
| 22 | CHEKROUD A M, BONDAR J, DELGADILLO J, et al. The promise of machine learning in predicting treatment outcomes in psychiatry[J]. World Psychiatry, 2021, 20(2): 154-170. doi:10.1002/wps.20882 |
| 23 | NADAL C, EARLEY C, ENRIQUE A, et al. Patient Acceptance of Self-Monitoring on a Smartwatch in a Routine Digital Therapy: A Mixed-Methods Study[J]. ACM Trans Comput Hum Interact, 2023, 31(1): 3:1-3:50. doi:10.1145/3617361 |
| 24 | PHILIPPE T J, SIKDER N, JACKSON A, et al. Digital Health Interventions for Delivery of Mental Health Care: Systematic and Comprehensive Meta-Review[J]. JMIR Ment Health, 2022, 9(5): e35159. doi:10.2196/35159 |
| 25 | SIN J, GALEAZZI G, MCGREGOR E, et al. Digital Interventions for Screening and Treating Common Mental Disorders or Symptoms of Common Mental Illness in Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. J Med Internet Res, 2020, 22(9): e20581. doi:10.2196/20581 |
| 26 | KOH J, TNG G Y Q, HARTANTO A. Potential and Pitfalls of Mobile Mental Health Apps in Traditional Treatment: An Umbrella Review[J]. J Pers Med, 2022, 12(9): 1376. doi:10.3390/jpm12091376 |
| 27 | MARINI? M. The Importance of Health Records[J]. Health, 2015, 7(5): 617. |
| 28 | MANHAL-BAUGUS M. E-Therapy: Practical, Ethical, and Legal Issues[J]. CyberPsychol Behav, 2001, 4(5): 551-563. doi:10.1089/109493101753235142 |
| 29 | 关注产品级技术保证 确保医疗器械网络安全——解读《医疗器械网络安全注册技术审查指导原则》[J]. 中国食品药品监管, 2017(4): 13-14. |
| 30 | ROBOTHAM D, SATKUNANATHAN S, DOUGHTY L, et al. Do We Still Have a Digital Divide in Mental Health? A Five-Year Survey Follow-up[J]. J Med Internet Res, 2016, 18(11): e6511. doi:10.2196/jmir.6511 |
| 31 | COOK R, HAYDON H M, THOMAS E E, et al. Digital divide or digital exclusion? Do allied health professionals′ assumptions drive use of telehealth?[J]. J Telemed Telecare, 2023: 1357633X231189846. doi:10.1177/1357633x231189846 |
| 32 | BATRA S, BAKER R A, WANG T, et al. Digital health technology for use in patients with serious mental illness: a systematic review of the literature[J]. Med Devices(Auckl), 2017, 10: 237-251. doi:10.2147/mder.s144158 |
| 33 | BAKKER D, KAZANTZIS N, RICKWOOD D, et al. Mental Health Smartphone Apps: Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations for Future Developments[J]. JMIR Mental Health, 2016, 3(1): e4984. doi:10.2196/mental.4984 |
| 34 | MOHR D C, LYON A R, LATTIE E G, et al. Accelerating Digital Mental Health Research From Early Design and Creation to Successful Implementation and Sustainment[J]. J Med Internet Res, 2017, 19(5): e7725. doi:10.2196/jmir.7725 |
| 35 | HORNE-MOYER H L, MOYER B H, MESSER D C, et al. The Use of Electronic Games in Therapy: A Review with Clinical Implications[J]. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 2014, 16(12): 520. doi:10.1007/s11920-014-0520-6 |
| 36 | COMER J S, BARLOW D H. The occasional case against broad dissemination and implementation: Retaining a role for specialty care in the delivery of psychological treatments[J]. Am Psychologist, 2014, 69(1): 1-18. doi:10.1037/a0033582 |
| 37 | 刘少金, 刘玉玲, 朱子航, 等. 数字疗法行业发展态势分析及建议[J]. 江西科学, 2022, 40(6): 1194-1202. |
| 38 | LIM C G, POH X W W, FUNG S S D, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a brain-computer interface based attention training program for ADHD[J]. Plos one, 2019, 14(5): e0216225. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216225 |
| 39 | TOROUS J, BUCCI S, BELL I H, et al. The growing field of digital psychiatry: Current evidence and the future of apps, social media, chatbots, and virtual reality[J]. World Psychiatry, 2021, 20(3): 318-335. doi:10.1002/wps.20883 |
| 40 | MARCHETTI A, DI DIO C, CANGELOSI A, et al. Developing ChatGPT′s Theory of Mind[J]. Front Robot AI, 2023, 10:1189525. doi:10.3389/frobt.2023.1189525 |
| 41 | DAS A, SELEK S, WARNER A R, et al. Conversational Bots for Psychotherapy: A Study of Generative Transformer Models Using Domain-specific Dialogues[C]//DEMNER-FUSHMAN D, COHEN K B, ANANIADOU S, et al. Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Biomedical Language Processing. Dublin, Ireland: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022: 285-297. doi:10.18653/v1/2022.bionlp-1.27 |
| 42 | HAN Y, OH S. Investigation and Research on the Negotiation Space of Mental and Mental Illness Based on Metaverse[C]. 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC),2021: 673-677. doi:10.1109/ictc52510.2021.9621118 |
| 43 | GRAHAM S, DEPP C, LEE E E, et al. Artificial Intelligence for Mental Health and Mental Illnesses: an Overview[J]. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 2019, 21(11): 116. doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1094-0 |
| 44 | 解有成, 康殷楠, 李初谊, 等. 数字疗法在新型冠状病毒肺炎后遗症中的应用[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022, 38(21): 2635-2638. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2022.21.001 |
| 45 | 张正, 程博皓, 蒋正乾, 等. 构建青少年抑郁自杀风险监测与防治的多学科多主体协作模式[J]. 中华精神科杂志, 2024, 57(1): 12-17. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20231026-00157 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |