目的 明确慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）及胃癌前病变（PLGC）患者血清及胃组织中CXCL5水平变化情况，并探究CXCL5用于诊断CAG及PLGC的预测价值。 方法 纳入2022年6月至2023年6月在安徽中医药大学第二附属医院脾胃科收治并行胃镜及病理确诊的CAG 72例，以及同期在我科接受胃镜检查的健康受试者68例。收集所有受试者的临床信息和实验室结果，通过logistic回归分析方法明确CAG的影响因素及CXCL5的诊断价值。此外，为了明确CXCL5在CAG发展进程中的作用，选取2023年6 - 12月于本院收治的CAG、肠化、异型增生患者各15例，以及健康受试者15例。采用ELISA法、PCR法和免疫组化法验证各组CXCL5的表达情况以及与临床病理程度之间的关系，对CXCL5的诊断效能进行验证评估。 结果 本病的影响因素包括肿瘤家族史、吸烟史、饮酒史、饮食规律与否、幽门螺杆菌感染、病灶数量、病理程度、胃功能三项、CXCL5等（P < 0.05）。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线显示，曲线下面积（AUC）为1.00，约登指数为0.986，展现了良好的预测能力。ELISA结果显示，与正常组相比，CAG、肠化和异型增生组患者血清CXCL5表达水平显著升高，且与病理程度呈正相关；PCR及免疫组化染色结果显示，与正常组相比，CAG、肠化和异型增生组患者胃组织CXCL5 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均显著升高，且与病理程度呈正相关。 结论 CXCL5在CAG和PLGC患者血清及胃组织中呈高表达，其表达水平与病理程度呈正相关。因此，CXCL5有望成为诊断CAG及PLGC的预测指标和新的治疗靶点。

Objective To clarify the changes in CXCL5 in serum and gastric tissues of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） and precancerous lesions of gastric cancer （PLGC） and to investigate the predictive value of CXCL5 for the diagnosis of CAG and PLGC. Methods This study enrolled 72 participants of CAG admitted to the Department of Splenology and Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from June 2022 to June 2023， with gastroscopy and pathologically confirmed diagnosis， as well as 68 healthy participants who underwent gastroscopy in the same period at our department.We collected clinical information and laboratory results from all participants. The logistic regression analysis methods were used to identify the diagnostic value of serum CXCL5. Furthermore， in order to clarify the role of CXCL5 in the developent of CAG， a total of 15 patients each with CAG， intestinal metaplasia， and dysplasia treated at our hospital from June 2023 to December 2023， and 15 healthy participants were selected. The relationship between the expression of CXCL5 and the degree of clinicopathology was analysed in each group using ELISA， PCR， and immunohistochemistry staining to validate and assess the diagnostic efficacy of CXCL5. Results The study found that several factors were associated with CAG， including family history of tumours， smoking and alcohol consumption history， dietary regularity， Helicobacter pylori infection， the number of lesions， gastric function scores and CXCL5 （P < 0.05）. The ROC curve had an AUC of 1.00 and a Youden index of 0.986， indicating excellent predictive ability. The ELISA results indicated a significantly higher serum CXCL5 expression level in the CAG， intestinal metaplasia， and dysplasia groups compared to the normal group. There was a positive correlation between the serum CXCL5 expression level and the degree of pathology. The PCR and immunohistochemistry staining results indicate that the mRNA and protein expression levels of CXCL5 in gastric tissues of patient groups were significantly higher compared to the normal group. Furthermore， the mRNA and protein expression levels of CXCL5 in gastric tissues were positively correlated with the degree of pathology. Conclusions The results indicate that CXCL5 is highly expressed in the serum and gastric tissues of patients with CAG and PLGC， and its expression level is positively correlated with the degree of pathology. Therefore， CXCL5 could serve as a predictive indicator and a potential therapeutic target for the diagnosis of CAG and PLGC.