许多研究揭示了巨噬细胞在多种疾病的发病机制中起到重要作用，而且暴露于不同的组织 环境时可获得不同的表型和功能，尤其是在肿瘤组织中，以往已知的表面标记物已无法区分肿瘤中巨噬 细胞亚群。而最近快速发展的质谱流式、单细胞 RNA 测序，使全面绘制和研究肿瘤的各种细胞及其表型 和功能成为可能。本综述通过总结这些技术在定义肿瘤中巨噬细胞亚群方面的进展，讨论不同肿瘤相关 性巨噬细胞的特征表型和功能，寻找新的并具有治疗或预后潜力的生物学标记物，为今后肿瘤的临床免 疫治疗提供一定的理论依据。

Many studies have revealed that Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases，and different phenotypes and functions can be obtained on exposure to different tissue environ⁃ ments，especially in tumor tissues. Previously known surface markers cannot distinguish macrophage subsets in tumors. The recent rapid development of mass cytometry and single⁃cell RNA sequencing，has made it possible to comprehensively map and study various cells in tumors and their phenotypes and functions. In this review，we summarized recent advances applying these technologies in defining macrophage subsets，further discussed the distinctive characteristic phenotypes and function of tumor ⁃associated macrophages in tumors and searched for new biological markers with therapeutic or prognostic potential to provide a theoretical basis for clinical immunotherapy of tumors in the future.