目的 分析我国45岁以上中老年人跌倒和严重跌倒发生的影响因素及其与多重慢病的关联，为制定具有针对性的跌倒预防策略提供实证依据。 方法 采用CHARLS 2020数据，使用统计描述、χ²检验、二次回归和logistic回归等统计方法，并对关键变量进行了亚组分析。 结果 我国45岁以上中老年人跌倒和严重跌倒发生率分别为17.42%和6.86%，多重慢病是跌倒和严重跌倒的显著影响因素，患病数量越多发生跌倒和严重跌倒发生率越高。 结论 重视中老年人尤其是多重慢病患者跌倒问题，加强跌倒预防的干预和多重慢病临床管理，要将多重慢病纳为跌倒全流程干预的考虑因素。

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of falls and serious falls among individuals aged 45 years and above in China， as well as explore the association between falls and multimorbidity， thereby providing empirical evidence for the formulation of effective strategies to prevent falls. Methods The study utilized data from the CHARLS 2020 dataset and employed various statistical methods， including descriptive statistics， χ² test， quadratic regression， and logistic regression. Additionally， subgroup analyses were conducted on key variables. Results The prevalence of falls and serious falls among individuals aged 45 and above in China was found to be 17.42% and 6.86%， respectively. Multimorbidity emerged as a significant determinant influencing both falls and serious falls， with a higher number of diseases being associated with an increased prevalence of these events. Conclusion In order to effectively address the issue of falls in middle-aged and elderly individuals， particularly those with multimorbidity， it is imperative to integrate multimorbidity considerations into the comprehensive fall intervention process.