目的 探索泡沫硬化术治疗下肢静脉曲张后出现需要补充注射的危险因素及其对凝血功能的影响。 方法 选取2018年1月至2021年12月遵义市第一人民医院下肢静脉曲张患者185例，采集相应病历资料、术前第1天及术后第1天检测D-二聚体、凝血酶时间、纤维蛋白原水平，术后视频电话随访持续至术后6个月，按随访期内是否进行泡沫硬化剂补充注射分单次治疗组、补充治疗组。对两组资料进行倾向性匹配，分析病程资料、凝血因子与补充注射发生的相关性，建立补充注射发生率的时间序列模型，观察疗效情况及并发症。 结果 倾向性匹配后，两组病变程度比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05），术后1 d，两组D-二聚体、纤维蛋白组间比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05），凝血酶时间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。补充注射发生与D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、凝血酶时间、首次注射计量有相关性（P < 0.05），且1、8、9、12月中进行首次注射治疗的患者模型补充注射发生率较高。两组术后6个月后治疗均获成功，且并发症率差异无统计学意义。 结论 下肢静脉曲张C3/C4患者需补充注射的几率高于其他级别，术后第1天D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原水平与补充注射的发生呈正相关，而首次注射的剂量与补充注射的发生呈负相关。

Objective To explore the risk factors of supplementary injection after foam sclerotherapy for varicose veins of lower extremities and its impact on blood coagulation function. Methods A total of 185 patients with varicose veins of lower limbs diagnosed in the First People′s Hospital of Zunyi from January 2018 to December 2021 were selected. The corresponding pathological data were collected， and the D-dimer， thrombin time， and fibrinogen level of patients were detected 1 d before and 1 d after the surgery. The postoperative video phone follow-up lasted until 6 months after the surgery. The patients were divided into single treatment group and supplementary treatment group according to whether supplementary injection of foam sclerosing agent was needed during the follow-up. Propensity matching on the data between the two groups was conducted， and the correlation between disease course data， coagulation factors， and the occurrence of supplementary injection was analyzed. A time series model for the incidence of supplementary injection was established， and the therapeutic effect and complications were observed. Results After propensity matching， there was still significant difference in the degree of lesion between the two groups （P < 0.05）. On the first day after surgery， there was significant difference in the D-dimer and fibrinogen groups between the two groups （P < 0.05）， and but no significant difference in thrombin time （P > 0.05）. The occurrence of supplementary injection was significantly correlated with D-dimer， fibrinogen， thrombin time， and first-time injection dose （P < 0.05）， and the incidence of supplementary injection was higher in patients who received first-time injection in January， August， September， and December. Both groups achieved successful treatment 6 months after surgery， and there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications. Conclusion Patients with lower limb varicose veins of C3/C4 are more likely to require supplementary injection compared to patients with other levels. The level of D-dimer and fibrinogen at 1 d after surgery is positively correlated with the occurrence of supplementary injection， while the dose of the first injection is negatively correlated with the occurrence of supplementary injection.