目的 分析河南豫东地区非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancers， NSCLC）患者常见驱动基因的突变情况。 方法 回顾性分析2022年3月至2023年7月就诊于商丘市第一人民医院的661例NSCLC患者，入组病例均采用了5种基因突变检测试剂盒（荧光PCR法）进行检测。应用统计学方法分析其临床特征与各驱动基因状态之间的关系。 结果 661例NSCLC中EGFR、KRAS、ALK、ROS1、PIK3CA、BRAF、HER2、RET、MET14和NRAS的突变率分别为47.35%、9.68%、5.45%、1.82%、2.87%、1.82%、1.21%、0.91%、0.61%和0%。EGFR、ROS1和HER2的突变更易发生在在女性患者中（P < 0.05），而 KRAS突变常发生于男性患者（P < 0.05）。EGFR、KRAS和ALK突变在腺癌中的突变率显著高于鳞癌和非小细胞肺癌非特指型（NSCLC.NOS）（P < 0.05），PIK3CA在NSCLC.NOS中的突变率最高。KRAS基因在Ⅰ+Ⅱ期的突变率显著高于Ⅲ+Ⅳ期（P < 0.05），其他基因与临床分期无明显相关性。与吸烟者相比，非吸烟者的总驱动基因突变率明显较高（P < 0.05），EGFR、ALK、PIK3CA、ROS1、BRAF和HER2常发生于非吸烟患者中（P < 0.05），而KRAS基因更易发生于吸烟患者中（P < 0.05）。沉渣细胞块标本10种驱动基因突变率78.67%，检出率显著高于其他类型标本（P < 0.05）。 结论 EGFR、KRAS、ALK等常见驱动基因与患者性别、病理类型、临床分期以及吸烟具有一定的相关性。质控合格的沉渣细胞块标本用于基因检测的优势明显，可以在有条件的患者中广泛推广；ARMS-PCR法联合检测10种基因可作为初诊初治NSCLC患者的首选基因检测方法。

Objective To analyze the mutation of common driver genes in patients with non?small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） in eastern Henan Province. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 661 patients with NSCLC admitted to the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu city from March 2022 to July 2023. Five kinds of gene mutation detection kits （fluorescent PCR） were used for gene detection in all enrolled patients. The relationship between the clinical features and the status of each driver gene was analyzed by statistical methods. Results In the 661 patients with NSCLC， the mutation rates of EGFR， KRAS， ALK， ROS1， PIK3CA， BRAF， HER2， RET， MET14 and NRAS were 47.35%， 9.68%， 5.45%， 1.82%， 2.87%， 1.82%， 1.21%， 0.91%， 0.61% and 0%. Mutations in EGFR， ROS1 and HER2 were more likely to occur in women （P < 0.05）， while KRAS mutations were more common in men （P < 0.05）. The mutation rates of EGFR， KRAS and ALK in adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in squamous cell carcinoma and NSCLC. NOS （P < 0.05）， and the mutation rate of PIK3CA in NSCLC.NOS was the highest. The mutation rate of KRAS gene in stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ （P < 0.05）， and there was no significant correlation between other genes and clinical stage. Compared with smokers， the mutation rate of total driver gene was significantly higher in non?smokers （P < 0.05）. EGFR， ALK， PIK3CA， ROS1， BRAF and HER2 were more common in non?smokers （P < 0.05）， while KRAS gene was more common in smokers （P < 0.05）. The mutation rate of 10 driver genes in sediment cell block samples was 78.67%， and the detection rate was significantly higher than that in other types of samples （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Common driver genes such as EGFR， KRAS and ALK are correlated with gender， pathological type， clinical stage and smoking. Qualified samples of sediment cells have obvious advantages for gene detection and could be widely promoted in patients. ARMS?PCR combined detection of 10 genes could be used as the preferred gene detection method for newly diagnosed and treated NSCLC patients.