目的 研究多靶点小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（MTKIs）和免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）联合治疗对标准治疗方案失败的晚期实体瘤患者的临床疗效与安全性。 方法 选择2021年1月至2023年1月在我院住院的≥ 2个标准治疗方案失败后的晚期实体瘤患者，采用了MTKIs联合ICIs的治疗方案，回顾性研究该方案的疗效与安全性。 结果 共纳入21例患者，截至2023年3月1日，整体人群ORR为38%，DCR为67%，中位无进展生存期（mPFS）为10个月，中位生存期（mOS）为15个月。常见的不良反应为肺炎、口腔溃疡等。 结论 对于标准治疗失败的晚期实体瘤患者，MTKIs和ICIs联合治疗方法可能是一种治疗选择，但需要更大样本量的前瞻性研究证实其疗效及安全性，以及探索出最有可能从这种治疗方法中获益的人群。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of the combination therapy of multi?targeted small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors （MTKIs） with immune checkpoint inhibitors （ICIs） for late?stage solid tumor in the patients with failed standard treatment regimens. Methods The patients with advanced solid tumors who had been hospitalized in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 after failure of ≥ 2 standard treatment regimens were selected and treated with MTKIs combined with ICIs. The efficacy and safety of this regimen were retrospectively studied. Results A total of 21 patients were included. As of March 1， 2022， the overall population had an ORR of 38%， a DCR of 67%， a median progression free survival （mPFS） of 10 months， and a median survival （mOS） of 15 months. Common adverse reactions were pneumonia and oral ulcers. Conclusion For the patients with advanced solid tumors who have failed standard treatment， MTKIs combined with ICIs may be a treatment option， but prospective studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this combination therapy and to explore the population most likely to benefit from this treatment method.