收稿日期: 2023-07-20
网络出版日期: 2024-01-08
基金资助
湖北省卫健委面上项目(WJ2023M036)
A1 astrocytes： A new target for the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases
Received date: 2023-07-20
Online published: 2024-01-08
星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中数量最多的一类细胞，在生理条件下，它具有多种功能，并在维持中枢神经系统稳态中发挥着重要作用。但在神经系统损伤、炎症、缺氧等情况下，星形胶质细胞在基因表达、形态和功能上发生快速变化，这些反应统称为星形胶质细胞反应性。活化的星形胶质细胞可分为神经毒性表型（A1型）和神经保护表型（A2型）。研究表明，A1型星形胶质细胞广泛参与中枢神经系统疾病的发生和发展。因此，结合多种技术通过靶向调控激活的星形胶质细胞有望成为中枢神经系统疾病的一种潜在治疗方法。本文回顾性综述了近年来有关A1型星形胶质细胞的相关研究进展，包括其表型转换的分子机制及其在神经退行性和神经炎性疾病中的作用。
许威 , 彭涛 , 曾梦柳 . A1型星形胶质细胞：治疗神经退行性和神经炎性疾病的新靶点[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2023 , 39(23) : 3143 -3148 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2023.23.021
Astrocytes constitute the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system. Under physiological conditions， astrocytes have a variety of functions， and play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system. However， in response to insults such as injury， inflammation and hypoxia， astrocytes undergo rapid changes in gene expression， morphology and function， and these responses collectively called as astrocyte reactivity. Activated astrocytes have been divided into neurotoxic phenotype （type A1） and neuroprotective phenotype （type A2）. Recent studies have shown that A1 astrocytes are widely involved in the occurrence and development of various central nervous system diseases. Therefore， targeted regulation of activated astrocytes by combining multiple techniques is expected to be a potential treatment for central nervous system diseases. Here， we review recent advances of A1 astrocytes， including the molecular mechanism of phenotypic transformation and its role in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.
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