目的 探讨踝部软组织缺损患者经带蒂逆行小腿后侧肌皮瓣修复的疗效，并分析其对患者感觉功能的相关因素。 方法 选取2015年1月至2022年1月期间于我院接受治疗且术后均接受1年随访的140例踝部软组织缺损患者资料，其中带蒂逆行小腿后侧肌皮瓣修复60例（A组），足内侧皮瓣修复40 例（B组），足踝上皮瓣修复40例（C组）。比较各组踝部软组织缺损患者的愈合情况（皮瓣存活、感染、外观、质地）、感觉功能、外形满意度、踝关节功能评分及并发症情况。 结果 各组基线资料对比差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；各组踝部软组织缺损患者在皮瓣修复后，术后观察1年，A 组患者皮瓣存活率高于B、 C组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；各组感染、外观、质地以及行走功能等方面差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；各组踝部软组织缺损患者在皮瓣修复后，A组的感觉功能评分要优于B、C组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；A组的外形满意度要高于B、C组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；各组踝部软组织缺损患者在皮瓣修复后，并发症情况对比差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论 踝部软组织缺损患者根据缺损部位面积、形状、皮瓣特点等选择皮瓣，其中带蒂逆行小腿后侧肌皮瓣修复治疗效果更好，存活率更高，踝关节功能评分的优良率更高，因此带蒂逆行小腿后侧肌皮瓣修复更有助于踝部软组织缺损患者肢体功能恢复。

Objective To explore the curative effect of pedicled retrograde posterior leg myocutaneous flap in patients with ankle soft tissue defect， and analyze its related factors on patients' sensory function. Methods The data of 120 patients with ankle soft tissue defect who were treated in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2022 and followed up for one year after operation were selected. Among them， 60 cases were repaired with pedicled posterior leg myocutaneous flap （group A）， 40 were repaired with medial foot flap （group B） and 40 were repaired with ankle epithelial flap （group C）. The healing （flap survival， infection， appearance， texture）， sensory function， appearance satisfaction， Baird-Jackson score and complications of patients with ankle soft tissue defect in each group were compared. Results There was no difference in baseline data among the groups （P > 0.05）. Patients with ankle soft tissue defect in each group were observed for one year after flap repair. The survival rate of flap in group A was higher than that in group B and C， and the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in infection， appearance， texture and walking function among the groups （P > 0.05）. After flap repair， the sensory function score of group A was better than that of group B and C， and the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. The appearance satisfaction of group A was higher than that of group B and C， showing statistical significance （P < 0.05）. There was no difference in complications after flap repair in each group （P > 0.05）. Conclusion Skin flap should be chosen according to the area， shape and characteristics of the skin flap for patients with ankle soft tissue defect， and pedicled retrograde posterior leg myocutaneous flap has better curative effect， higher survival rate and higher excellent and good rate of ankle function. It is more helpful for limb function recovery of patients with ankle soft tissue defect.