目的 探究血清中白介素-6（IL-6）水平在肺结核治疗过程中的变化趋势及影响因素。 方法 分别收集56位肺结核患者治疗前、治疗2个月（强化期结束）和治疗6个月时血清，通过流式细胞术测量其中IL-6的表达水平。 结果 肺结核患者治疗期间血清中IL-6的表达水平呈降低趋势，且其表达水平差异具有统计学意义（P = 0.000）。ROC曲线分析显示，治疗前和治疗2个月时，血清中IL-6表达水平差异的线下面积为0.627，界值为3.840，鉴别的灵敏度为71.40%，特异度为51.80%。二元logistic回归显示治疗2个月后血清中IL-6表达水平是否降低至3.840 pg/mL以下与治疗周期、年龄有关。治疗前IL-6的血清表达水平在有无空洞组、治疗周期为6个月组和12个月组、治疗2个月时对比未治疗前影像学病灶吸收组和无明显变化组、治疗前病原学检查结果阴阳性组之间的差异具有统计学意义。治疗2个月时，IL-6的血清表达水平在不同年龄组、不同治疗周期组、治疗前及治疗2个月时病原学检查结果阴阳性组之间的差异具有统计学意义。治疗6个月时，IL-6的血清表达水平在是否有糖尿病组、不同治疗周期组、治疗6个月时病原学检查结果阴阳性组之间的差异具有统计学意义。ROC曲线分析显示，将入组病例限制到治疗前病原学阳性时，治疗6个月和治疗2个月血清中IL-6表达水平差异的线下面积为0.805，界值为5.450，鉴别的灵敏度为81.25%，特异度为75.00%；当将入组病例年龄限制到44岁及以下时，治疗2个月和治疗前、治疗6个月和治疗2个月血清中IL-6表达水平差异的线下面积分别为0.726、0.721，界值分别为3.840、3.755，鉴别的灵敏度均为70.59%，特异度分别为70.59%、67.65%。 结论 肺结核治疗过程中IL-6在血清中的表达水平呈下降趋势，其水平与患者肺部有无空洞、病原学结果、年龄、病情进展、是否合并糖尿病等有关。

Objective To explore the trend and influencing factors of serum IL-6 level in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The serum of 56 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was collected before treatment， 2 months of treatment （the end of the intensive period） and 6 months of treatment， and the expression level of IL-6 was measured by flow cytometry. Results The expression level of IL-6 in serum during treatment in tuberculosis patients tended to decrease， and the expression level was statistically significant （P = 0.000）. ROC curve analysis showed that before treatment and 2 months of treatment， the subline area of IL-6 concentration difference in serum was 0.627， the cut-off value was 3.840， the sensitivity for discrimination was 71.40%， and the specificity was 51.80%. Binary logistic regression showed that whether the serum IL-6 concentration decreased to less than 3.840 pg/mL after 2 months of treatment was related to treatment cycle and age. The difference between the serum concentration of IL-6 before treatment was statistically significant between the group with or without cavitation， the treatment period group with 6 months and 12 months， and the group with no significant change in imaging lesions before treatment at 2 months， and the negative group with positive etiological test results before treatment. At 2 months of treatment， the difference between serum concentrations of IL-6 was statistically significant between different age groups， different treatment cycle groups， and the group with negative etiological test results before treatment and at 2 months of treatment. At 6 months of treatment， the difference between the serum concentration of IL-6 was statistically significant in the group with diabetes， in the group with different treatment cycles， and in the group with negative etiological test results at 6 months of treatment. ROC curve analysis showed that when the enrolled cases were limited to positive etiology before treatment， the off-line area of the difference in serum IL-6 concentration between 6 months of treatment and 2 months of treatment was 0.805， the cut-off value was 5.450， the sensitivity for discrimination was 81.25%， and the specificity was 75.00%. When the age of the enrolled cases was limited to 44 years and below， the off-line areas of IL-6 concentration differences in serum after 2 months of treatment and before treatment， 6 months of treatment and 2 months of treatment were 0.726 and 0.721， the cut-off values were 3.840 and 3.755， and the sensitivity and specificity were 70.59% and 67.65%， respectively. Conclusion During the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis， the concentration of IL-6 in serum show a downward trend， and its level is related to whether the patient's lungs have cavities， etiological results， age， disease progression， and whether diabetes is present.