外泌体是直径为 30～150 nm 的磷脂双分子层细胞外小囊泡，富含蛋白质、脂质和核酸等生物活性物质。外泌体广泛分布于血浆、尿液、脑脊液等多种体液中，人体几乎所有的细胞都可分泌外泌体。越来越多的研究表明，外泌体具有重要的生物学功能，不仅参与调控多种生理和病理过程，并且在疾病的诊断、发生发展和治疗中都发挥着重要作用。来源于循环血浆的外泌体因更易于获取标本和开展实 时检测，成为近年来外泌体研究中的热点研究对象。本文主要就循环血浆外泌体在相关疾病研究和临床应用等方面进展加以综述，以期为促进循环血浆外泌体的深入研究提供参考。 

Exosomes are small extracellular phospholipid bilayer vesicles with a diameter of 30～150 nm and rich in proteins，lipids，nucleic acids，and other bioactive substances. They are widely distributed in various body fludis，such as plasma，urine，cerebrospinal fluid，etc.，and secreted by almost all types of cells in the human body. More and more studies have shown proof that exosomes have important biological functions. They not only participate in regulation of a variety of physiological and pathological process，but also play an important role in the diagnosis， development and treatment of diseases. In recent years， exosomes derived from circulating plasma have become a hot topic in exosomes research because they are easier to obtain specimens and carry out real-time detection. In this paper， the related disease research and clinical applications of circulating plasma exosomes are reviewed in order to provide a reference for its further study.