术中放疗（intraoperative radiotherapy，IORT）是一项涉及在手术过程中将大剂量辐射精确递送到肿瘤或瘤床部位的局部治疗。其实现了对瘤床高危区域的即时、精准、可视化治疗。本文就 IORT 在局部晚期直肠癌中应用的起源与发展、技术优势、疗效及安全性、局限及并发症等方面的研究进展进行综述。

Intraoperative radiotherapy（IORT）is a local treatment that involves precise delivery of large doses of radiation to the tumor or tumor bed during surgery. It establishes the immediate，accurate and visualized treatment for high⁃risk areas of the tumor bed. In this paper，the origin and development，technical advantages， efficacy and safety，limitations and complications of IORT in locally advanced rectal cancer were reviewed.