目的 深入分析 2017-2019 年广东省农村妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌（简称两癌）筛查情况和成本效果，为卫生健康行政部门制定下一阶段方案提供科学依据。方法 利用广东省两癌检查项目的个案 和季报表进行分析，分析两癌检出率、早期诊断率、发现早期病例平均费用和早期发现成本系数。 结果 2017-2019 年广东省为 130 余万名农村妇女提供两癌免费检查，平均年龄（48.04 ± 7.94）岁。宫颈癌 检出率 56.50/10 万，宫颈癌早期诊断率 94.15%，发现早期病例的平均费用为 29 598 元，早期发现成本系数 EDCI 为 0.71，非常具有成本效果价值。乳腺癌检出率 40.91/10 万，乳腺癌早期诊断率 60.16%，发现早期病 例的平均费用为 304 200 元，早期发现成本系数 EDCI 为 7.31，成本效果价值合算。结论 2017-2019 年广 东省农村妇女两癌筛查项目取得较好的效果，具有成本效果价值，值得卫生健康、财政和妇联等行政部门 继续延续开展广东省适龄妇女两癌筛查项目，进一步扩大筛查覆盖范围和推广到城乡人群。 

Objective To conduct an in⁃depth analysis of the screening of cervical cancer and breast cancer and its cost⁃effectiveness among rural women in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2019，and to provide reference for the health administrative departments to formulate future plan. Methods The detection rate，early diagnosis rate，average cost of early detection and early detection cost index（EDCI）were analyzed using cases and quarterly reports from cervical cancer and breast cancer screening program in Guangdong Province. Results From 2017 to 2019，Guangdong Province provided free screening of cervical cancer and breast cancer for more than 1.3 million rural women，with an average age of（48.04 ± 7.94）years. The detection rate for cervical cancer was 56.50 per 100 000，with an early diagnosis rate of 94.15%. Average cost of detecting early cases was 29 598 yuan， and the EDCI was 0.71，showing considerable cost ⁃effectiveness. The breast cancer detection rate was 40.91 per 100 000，with an early diagnosis rate of 60.16%. Average cost of detecting early cases was 304 200 yuan，and the EDCI was 7.31，showing acceptable cost ⁃ effectiveness. Conclusion From 2017 to 2019，cervical cancer and breast cancer screening program for rural women in Guangdong Province had cost⁃effectiveness value. It is worth to promoting the program for women of appropriate age in Guangdong Province with the cooperation of healthcare department，finance department，women's federations and other administrative departments，and further expanding the coverage of screening to urban and rural populations.