现代临床诊疗决策对医学检验的依赖日益增加，但目前超过 40%的结核病例未获得病原学 确诊证据，且普遍存在诊疗延误。准确、快速的实验技术与方法一直为人们所期盼，本文拟从潜伏感染、 临床诊断、精准治疗和流行控制等方面探讨结核病临床诊疗和流行控制实践中对医学检验的现实需求与 存在问题，同时也就如何走出困境简要给出一些建议。

Modern medical clinical decision ⁃ making are increasingly dependent on medical laboratory， which holds true for tuberculosis. However，so far the data of clinical practice have demonstrated that pathogenic evidences have not been obtained for more than 40% of tuberculosis cases from clinical laboratory. And delays occurring in the process of diagnosis and treatment are also general.Accurate and rapid laboratory techniques and methods have always been eagerly anticipated. This review tries to discuss the needs and problems to medical lab⁃ oratory for clinical diagnosis，precision medicine，prevention and control of tuberculosis.Our some simple cognition on how to get human out of the trouble are briefly given.