在高危人群开展结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染（latent tuberculosis infection，LTBI）筛查，对 LTBI 者 进行预防性治疗是直接降低发病率、实现“终止结核病策略”全球战略目标的重要手段。目前LTBI 负担及 其流行特征、预防性治疗现状尚不清晰，相关研究尚处于探索阶段，尚没有形成成熟的干预策略。笔者就 LTBI 筛查及预防性治疗现状、目前存在的问题和建议进行系统的阐述，从而为制定 LTBI 和预防性治疗防 治策略提供依据。 

Screening for latent tuberculosis infection （LTBI）in high ⁃ risk populations and providing preventive treatment for LTBI are important tools to reduce morbidity and achieve the global strategy to stop TB. At present，the burden of LTBI and its epidemic characteristics as well as the status quo of preventive treatment are still unclear. Relevant studies are still in the exploratory stage，and no mature intervention strategies have been formed yet. The present status，existing problems and suggestions of screening and preventive treatment of LTBI were systematically expounded，so as to provide a basis for the formulation of prevention and treatment strategies of LTBI and preventive treatment.