急性髓系白血病（acute myeloid leukemia，AML）是一种恶性的造血干细胞疾病，以髓系异常分化的原始细胞克隆性扩张为特征。主要发生在老年人中，确诊时的中位年龄为 68 岁。目前的治疗方法是联合或不联合异基因造血干细胞移植的强化诱导化疗，而这种方法不能应用于占 AML 患者 50%以上的 老年患者。表观遗传学改变在 AML 的发病机制中起重要作用，这些表观遗传改变已成为抗 AML 新药开发的靶点。该文对表观遗传学的 DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰方面的研究进展及其药物治疗研究成果进行了综述。

Acute myeloid leukemia（AML）is a malignant hematopoietic stem cell disease characterized by clonal expansion of abnormally differentiated myeloid blasts. It mainly occurs in the elderly，and the median age at diagnosis is 68 years old. The current treatment is intensive induction chemotherapy with or without allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation，but this method cannot be applied to elderly patients who account for more than 50% of AML patients. Epigenetic alterations play an important role in the pathogenesis of AML，and these epigenetic alterations have become targets for the development of new anti ⁃AML drugs. This article reviews the research progress of DNA methylation and histone modification in epigenetics and the research achievements of drug therapy.