目的 分析2型糖尿病合并非糖尿病肾脏疾病（nondiabetic kidney disease，NDKD）患者临床及 病理特征，并探讨诊断NDKD 的预测因素。方法 采用回顾性队列研究方法，回顾了2017年1月至2021年 12月在佛山市第一人民医院接受经皮肾活检的2型糖尿病患者的人口学资料、临床资料、实验室结果、病理 检查结果，并随访至2022年10月，记录患者肾脏预后事件。采用多因素回归分析的方法评价 NDKD 的预测 因素。结果 共有 137 例患者纳入本研究。糖尿病肾脏疾病（diabetic kidney disease，DKD）组患者 46 例， NDKD 患者 80 例，DKD 合并 NDKD 患者 11 例。在病理类型中，膜性肾病是 NDKD 和 DKD 合并 NDKD 患者 最常见的病理类型，分别占 46.25%和 54.55%。NDKD 组肾脏预后明显优于 DKD 组。多因素分析显示，女 性（OR = 4.224，P = 0.027）、年龄（OR = 1.094，P = 0.009）、糖尿病病程（OR = 0.841，P = 0.007）、糖尿病视 网膜病变（OR = 6.886，P = 0.036）、收缩压（OR = 0.953，P = 0.005）、糖化血红蛋白（OR = 0.632，P = 0.028）、 血红蛋白（OR = 1.045，P = 0.019）、血磷水平（OR = 0.048，P = 0.019）是 2 型糖尿病患者是否合并 NDKD 的 独立影响因素。结论 膜性肾病是 NDKD 常见病理类型。女性、高龄、较短的糖尿病病程、无糖尿病视网 膜病变、收缩压偏低、较低的糖化血红蛋白、较高血红蛋白水平及低血磷水平，是诊断NDKD 的独立指标。 

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients with non⁃diabetic kidney disease（NDKD）and explore the predictors of the diagnosis of NDKD. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to review the medical records of the patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent percutaneous renal biopsy in the First People′ s Hospital of Foshan from January 2017 to December 2021. Demographic data，clinical data，laboratory results and pathological examination results were collected. The patients were followed up until October 2022，with the renal prognostic events recorded. Multi⁃ variate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictors of NDKD. Results A total of 137 patients were included in this study，46 them with diabetic kidney disease（DKD），80 with NDKD，and 11 with DKD com⁃ plicated with NDKD. Among the pathological types，membranous nephropathy was the most common pathological type in the patients with NDKD and those with DKD complicated with NDKD，accounting for 46.25% and 54.55%， respectively. The NDKD group was better than the DKD in terms of renal prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that the independent influencing factors included female（OR = 4.224，P = 0.027），age（OR = 1.094，P = 0.009）， duration of diabetes（OR = 0.841，P = 0.007），diabetic retinopathy（OR = 6.886，P = 0.036），systolic blood pressure （OR = 0.953，P = 0.005），glycated hemoglobin（OR = 0.632，P = 0.028），hemoglobin（OR = 1.045，P = 0.019） and blood phosphorus level（OR = 0.048，P = 0.019）. Conclusion Membranous nephropathy is the most common type of lesion in patients with NDKD. Such factors as female，older age，shorter duration of diabetes，absence of diabetic retinopathy，lower systolic blood pressure，lower glycosylated hemoglobin，higher hemoglobin level and lower blood phosphorus level are independent indicators for the diagnosis of NDKD.