目的 评估药物涂层球囊（drug coated balloon，DCB）治疗自体动静脉瘘狭窄的中短期临床效果。方法 回顾性分析 2020 年 5 月至 2021 年 12 月腔内治疗 43 例自体动静脉瘘狭窄患者的临床资料， 22 例行药物涂层球囊治疗（DCB 组），21 例行普通球囊治疗（PAB 组），术后对比两组 3、6、12 个月靶病变一 期通畅率（TLPP）、循环通路一期通畅率（ACPP）、晚期管腔丢失（LLL）等指标。结果 所有病例手术均获 成功，术后 3 个月两组 TLPP 差异无统计学意义，术后 6、12 个月 DCB 组的 TLPP 较 PAB 组明显提高 ［（81.8% vs. 47.6%）、（54.5% vs. 23.8%），均 P < 0.05］，术后 3、6、12 个月两组的 ACPP 差异无统计学意义；术 后 DCB 组 6、12 个月 LLL 明显低于 PAB 组（P < 0.05）。结论 药物涂层球囊治疗自体动静脉瘘的中短期临 床效果较好，对比普通球囊优势显著。

Objective To evaluate the short⁃ and medium⁃term efficacy of drug⁃coated balloon（DCB）in the treatment of arteriovenous fistula stenosis. Methods The clinical data of 43 patients with arteriovenous fistula stenosis treated with endovascular therapy from May 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty⁃ two patients were treated with DCB（DCB group），and 21 patients with plain angioplasty balloon（PAB group）. Target lesion primary patency（TLPP），access circuit primary patency（ACPP），late lumen loss（LLL）and other indicators were compared between the two groups at 3，6，12 months after operation. Results The operation was successful in all cases. There was no significant difference in TLPP between the two groups 3 months after opera⁃ tion. The TLPP of DCB group was significantly higher than that of PAB group 6 and 12 months after operation ［（81.8% vs. 47.6%），（54.5% vs. 23.8%），both P < 0.05）］；there was no significant difference in ACPP between the two groups 3，6，12 months after operation；LLL 6 and 12 months after operation in DCB group was significant⁃ ly lower than that in PAB group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion DCB has a better clinical efficacy and significant advan⁃ tage over plain angioplasty balloon in the treatment of arteriovenous fistula.