随着肺微生物群的组成成分越来越明确，研究发现肺微生物多样性或丰度的变化与慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD）密切相关。在 COPD 中，肺微生物群可通过激活气道 TLR、募集和激活免疫细胞、促进气道黏液分泌等途径影响机体的免疫活动，从而加剧气道炎症。另外，肺微生物群还参与 COPD 的氧化应激。同时，肺微生物菌群的失调，可能会导致稳定期 COPD 患者病情急性加重。肺微生物群在 COPD 中的作用机制目前尚未明确，本文就肺微生物群与 COPD 的关系展开综述。

As the composition of the lung microbiome becomes clearer，studies have shown that changes in the diversity or abundance of microbes in the lung are closely linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. In COPD，lung microbiome can affect the body′s immune activities by activating airway TLR，recruiting and activating immune cells，and promoting airway mucus secretion，thus exacerbating airway inflammation. In addition，lung microbiome is also involved in oxidative stress of COPD. At the same time，the imbalance of lung microbiome may lead to acute exacerbation in stable COPD patients. The mechanism of lung microbiome in COPD is not well understood，this article reviews the relationship between lung microbiota and COPD.