特定学习障碍是一种神经系统疾病，会影响学生以传统方式教授的阅读、写作、拼写、推理 和组织信息的能力。特定学习障碍症状可持续终生，可能在教育、就业、经济、社会、情感等方面对儿童和 成人产生不利影响。几十年来，特定学习障碍一直是医学、心理学和教育学的研究热点，但对其认识仍是 局限的，特别是其病因和发病机制异常复杂。目前国内尚无特定学习障碍的诊疗规范或共识。本文就特 定学习障碍的流行病学、社会影响、发病机制、临床表现及诊断做一述评。

Specific learning disorder is a neurological disorder that affects a student′ s ability to read， write，spell，reason，and organize information taught in conventional ways. Specific learning disorder symptoms can last for a lifetime，and may have adverse effects on children and adults in education，employment，economy， society and emotion. Specific learning disorder have always been the research focus of medicine，psychology and pedagogy. For decades，specific learning disorder have been the focus of research in medicine，psychology and education，but their understanding is still limited，especially their etiology and pathogenesis are extremely complex. At present，there is no diagnosis and treatment standard or consensus for specific learning disorder in China. This article reviews the epidemiology，social impact，pathogenesis，clinical manifestations and diagnosis of specific learning disorder.