目的 从分子生物学角度初步探究儿童患者不同阑尾炎病理类型的阑尾内容物菌群结构 特征，为全面认识儿童阑尾炎病原菌提供新的视角。方法 依据手术组织病理分组，将收治的儿童阑尾 炎患者分为单纯性阑尾炎组（n = 6）和化脓性阑尾炎组（n = 6），收集阑尾内容物 DNA，对细菌 rRNA 基因序 列 V3⁃V4 高变区扩增，用 Illumina Nova 测序，聚类分析两组菌群结构、丰度和多样性。结果 两组间 Alpha 多样性分析，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05），菌群丰度比较 R = 0.34，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。两组阑尾组织内容物在目、科、属、种水平有差异。在属水平单纯性阑尾炎组粪杆菌属、直肠真杆菌属居多，化脓性阑尾炎组嗜胆菌属居多。结论 通过对儿童阑尾炎患者不同病理类型阑尾内容物菌群的多样性分析， 可发现单纯性阑尾炎和化脓性阑尾炎在菌群丰度和多样性上存在差异，为临床阑尾炎组织病原学研究提 供新的思路。

Objective To investigate the structural characteristics of the appendiceal contents flora in appendicitis with different pathological types in pediatric patients from a perspective of molecular biology，and to provide a new perspective for comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic bacteria associated withappendicitis in children. Methods Based on the histopathological grouping，the pediatric patients with appendicitis were divid⁃ ed intoasimple appendicitis group（n = 6）andasuppurative appendicitis group（n = 6）. The DNA from appendiceal contents was collected ，and the bacterial rRNA gene sequence V3⁃V4 high variation region was amplified and sequenced by Illumina Nova to cluster and analyze the structure，abundance and diversity inthe two groups. Results Alpha diversity analysis showedthe difference was statistically significant between the two groups（P < 0.05）， and the difference was statistically significant as comparing the abundance of bacterial flora R = 0.34（P < 0.05）. There were differences between the two groupsin appendicular tissue contents at the level of order，family，genus and species. At the genus level，Faecalibacterium and Agathobacter were predominant in the simple appendicitis group，while Bilophila was predominant in the pyogenic appendicitis group. Conclusions By analyzing the diversity of appendiceal contents flora in different pathological types in pediatric patientswith appendicitis，thedifferences in flora abundance and diversity between simple and purulent appendicitis can be found，providing afresh idea for histopathological studies onclinical appendicitis.