Objective To investigate the regulatory mechanism of recombinant human thrombopoietin （rhTPO）on the cell apoptosis of platelet induced by thrombin（TMB）. Methods Washed platelets were routinely prepared and divided into five groups：normal control，TMB group and three rhTPO groups with low，medium and high dose respectively. MitoTracker Red CMXRos staining was used to detect the integrity of mitochondria，the apoptosis rate，the content of reactive oxygen species（ROS）. The expression levels of Opa1，Bcl⁃xl，Mfn2，Fis⁃1， Drp⁃1，Cyt⁃c and Bak were also detected. Results Compared with the normal group，the proportion of intact mito⁃ chondria in platelets，the mRNA and protein expressions of Opa1，Bcl ⁃xl and Mfn2，in the TMD group and the rhTPO low，medium and high groups，were significantly decreased. The apoptosis rate and the content of ROS and the mRNA and protein expressions of Fis⁃1，Drp⁃1，Cyt⁃c and Bak were significantly increased. The rhTPO（low， medium，and high）groups could obviously reverse these trends，and had a significant dose ⁃ dependent manner. The differences were statistically significant（all P < 0.05）. Conclusion rhTPO can significantly inhibit the cell apoptosis of platelet induced by TMD，which may be related to inhibiting ROS accumulation and improving mito⁃ chondrial function.