原发性灼口综合征（burning mouth syndrome，BMS）是以舌部为主要发病部位，持续（慢性）或 反复口腔烧灼感为主要症状，但无明显临床损害和组织学改变、无明确病因的慢性顽固性黏膜疼痛 疾病。由于其流行病学、病因和发病机制尚不清楚，目前缺乏诊断金标准和有效的治疗方法。本文从 BMS 命名和归类的演变、病理机制、诊断方法（问卷调查、影像学检查、血清或唾液测试）以及治疗性诊 断等方面进行综述。随着临床实践和研究的深入，BMS 病理机制的了解和诊断检测方法的正确使用有 望受益

Primary burning mouth syndrome（BMS）is defined as a chronic intractable mucosal painful disease characterized with tongue as the main lesion and ongoing（chronic）or recurrent burning in the mouth as the main symptoms，but without significant clinical damage，histological changes and obvious causes. Due to its unclear epidemiology，etiology and pathogenesis，there is lack of standardized diagnostic criteria and effective treatment. The present study reviews five aspects of BMS，including the evolution of BMS terminology and classifi⁃ cation，pathophysiological mechanisms，diagnostic methods（questionnaires，imaging examinations，and serum or saliva tests），and therapeutic diagnosis. In the future，with the in⁃depth clinical practice and research，BMS patients may benefit from a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanism and the proper use of diagnostic tests.