中枢神经系统（central nervous system，CNS）的发育过程是现代神经生物学的研究核心之一，非编码 RNA 可通过多种方式调控 CNS 发育。研究表明，lncRNA 和 miRNA 的调控对大脑的发育和认知能力至关重要，它们不仅参与 CNS 神经干细胞的增殖分化，还影响神经突起生长、突触稳定性和髓鞘形成等多个过程。本文就lncRNA 与miRNA 的相互作用在CNS 发育中的调控作用作一综述。

The development of central nervous system （CNS）is one of the cores of neurobiological research. Noncoding RNAs can regulate CNS development in various ways. Studies have shown that the regulation of lncRNAs and miRNAs is crucial for brain development and cognitive ability，and they not only participate in the proliferation and differentiation of CNS neural stem cells，but also affect multiple processes such as neurite out⁃growth，synaptic stability and myelination. This article reviews the regulatory roles of lncRNA⁃miRNA interaction on the development of the CNS.