急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury，AKI）已成为一个世界性的公共卫生问题，目前尚无特异性治疗方法，故其短期及长期预后不佳。能够早期识别有 AKI 风险的患者，早期预防、实时监测、早期干预对于改善患者预后至关重要。临床信息学的进步和电子病历的日益普及，使得 AKI 风险预测的方法得以快速发展。本综述主要从 AKI 生物学标志物、风险评分、自动电子警报、人工智能这四个方面总结了 AKI风险预测方法的研究进展。

Acute kidney injury is a common complication in hospitalized patients，and it has both short-and long⁃term consequences. To improve patient outcomes，methods for identifying patients at risk for acute kidney injury and diagnosing subclinical acute kidney injury must be developed. Rapid advances in risk estimation in acute kidney injury have been enabled by advances in clinical informatics and the growing popularity of electronic medical records. We summarize the research progress of acute kidney injury risk prediction from four perspectives in this review：Biomarkers，risk scores，automatic electronic alerts，and artificial intelligence.