Male fertility has been declining，but the specific factors and mechanisms of male reproductive dysfunction are still unclear. Among the various factors affecting male fertility，oxidative stress（OS）and the damage of male reproductive function caused by inflammatory mediators are the important mechanisms of male infer⁃ tility. Blueberry anthocyanins（BA）is the main active substance extracted from blueberries，which has antioxidant and anti ⁃ inflammatory effects. At a certain dose，it can improve and repair the male reproductive dysfunction caused by the pathological changes through antioxidant and anti⁃inflammatory mechanisms. Therefore，this article reviews the correlation between male reproductive system and OS and inflammatory mediators ，and further expounds the antioxidant and anti ⁃inflammatory mechanisms of BA and its protective effect on male reproductive system，in order to provide an insight into its diagnosis and treatment and build a theoretical basis for treating male reproductive dysfunction patients.