Objective The prevalence of renal diseases in the elderly population is increasing yearly. Kid⁃ ney maintains the stability of the internal environment and normal endocrine function，and impaired kidney func⁃ tion can cause symptoms in various systems. Clinical research continues to explore suitable kidney markers and methods to detect kidney lesions earlier. With the development of Raman spectroscopy，it can be used to assess the molecular composition of biological tissues or fluids to obtain qualitative or quantitative information with diagnostic value. It also has shown great potential for early clinical diagnosis due to its non⁃invasive nature and other advantag⁃ es. In this paper，we describe the application and potential of Raman spectroscopy in diagnosing renal diseases.