小胶质细胞是大脑神经炎症的主要参与者，具有经典激活的促炎 M1 型和替代激活的抗炎M2 型。研究表明不同的信号通路改变小胶质细胞极化状态从而发挥对神经炎症的调控作用。因此，本文主要就该领域中的可行性通路进行综述，以期为后续神经炎症的机制研究和治疗靶点提供参考。

Microglia plays a major role in neuroinflammation in brain，for it has a classically activated M1 pro⁃inflammatory phenotype and an alternatively activated anti⁃inflammatory M2 phenotype. Different signaling path⁃ways have been discovered to alter the polarization of microglia and thus exert a regulatory effect on neuroinflamma⁃tion. This article summarizes the feasible pathways in this field to provide new ideas for the follow⁃up research in neuroinflammatory mechanism and therapeutic targets of the inflammation.