骨缺损愈合由间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells，MSCs）、成骨细胞、破骨细胞和免疫细胞等共同调节，这种免疫细胞与骨组织之间紧密联系、相互调控的关系称为骨免疫。非编码 RNA（non⁃coding RNAs，ncRNAs）是从基因组转录而来但不参与蛋白质翻译的 RNA，调控机体的增殖、氧化应激、迁移、炎症、表型转换等生理过程。近年来越来越多的研究表明，ncRNAs 可能与糖尿病状态骨再生密切相关，研究ncRNAs 与糖尿病状态骨缺损愈合的关系，有望成为促进糖尿病骨再生的潜在治疗靶点。

Bone defect healing is regulated by mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs），osteoblasts，osteoclasts，and immune cells. This tightly linked and mutually regulated relationship between immune cells and bone tissue is called osteoimmune. Non ⁃ coding RNAs（ncRNAs）are transcribed from the genome but not involved in protein translation，and they regulate physiological processes such as proliferation，oxidative stress，migration，inflamma⁃tion，and phenotypic changes. In recent years，an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that ncRNAs may be closely related to bone regeneration in diabetic conditions. Studies on the relationship between ncRNA and defect healing in diabetic conditions are expected to be a potential therapeutic target for promoting bone regenera⁃tion in diabetes.