NLRP3 炎症小体是先天免疫系统的重要组成部分，能够介导caspase⁃1 激活，促进前炎症因子白介素（interleukin，IL）⁃1β/IL⁃8的释放。NLRP3炎症小体的异常激活已被证明与多种疾病有关，包括帕金森、动脉粥样硬化、急性肺损伤等疾病。非编码RNA（non⁃coding RNA，ncRNA）如微小RNA（microR⁃NA，miRNA）和长链非编码RNA（long non⁃coding RNA，lncRNA）是指不能编码蛋白质的RNA分子，能够在转录或转录后水平调控NLRP3的表达，并在NLRP3炎症小体异常激活的相关疾病中发挥重要作用。本文就相关领域的最新进展展开综述，以期为进一步治疗NLRP3炎性小体相关疾病提供新的思路。

The NLRP3 inflammasome is an immportant component of the innate immune system thatmediates caspase⁃1 activation and the secretion of pro⁃inflammatory cytokines IL⁃1β/IL⁃8. However，the aberrantactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked with several diseases，such as parkinson disease，athero⁃sclerosis，acute lung injury and etc. Non⁃coding RNAs，such as miRNA and lncRNA，refer to RNAs which cannot code for proteins but can regulate the expression of NLRP3 at transcription or post⁃transcription level and partic⁃ipate in the progress of diverse NLRP3⁃related diseases. In this review，the latest developments in this area will beelucidated to provide new insights for further treatment of NLRP3⁃related diseases.