目的 探讨梗阻性无精子患者（OA）使用睾丸精子行卵胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）后不同胚 胎移植方案对妊娠结局和新生儿情况的影响。方法 回顾性分析 2017 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月在温州医科 大学附属第二医院生殖中心行经皮睾丸穿刺抽吸术获得睾丸精子并后续行 ICSI 助孕的 OA 患者资料，根据囊胚移植方案不同分为冷冻周期组（n = 162）和新鲜周期组（n = 178），对比两组的基本临床资料、妊娠 结局和新生儿情况。结果 在平均移植囊胚数相似的情况下，两组的种植率、临床妊娠率、多胎妊娠率、 流产率、早产率和活产率差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。冷冻周期组的平均妊娠时间（gestation length） 少于新鲜周期组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。两组的平均出生体质量、低体质量新生儿率和出生性别 比差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 对于梗阻性无精子症患者，经睾丸精子 ICSI⁃ET 选择新鲜或者 冷冻周期囊胚移植对妊娠和新生儿结局没有影响。

Objective To investigate the effects of the two different embryo transfer protocols on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection（ICSI）with testicular sperms in patients with obstruc⁃ tive azoospermia（OA）. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data on the obstructive azoospermia patients who had used testicular sperms obtained by testicular sperm aspiration（TESA）for ICSI in the reproductive center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2017 to December 2020. According to the different blastocyst transfer protocols，these patients were divided into frozen⁃thawed embryo transfer（FET） group（n = 162）and fresh transfer group（n = 178）. The clinical data，pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results Under a condition of the similar average number of transferred blasto⁃ cyst，there were no significant differences in the rates of implantation rate，clinical pregnancy，multiple pregnancy， miscarriage，preterm birth，and live birth between the two groups（P > 0.05）. The mean birth weight，low birth weight rate and sex ratio at birth were similar in the two groups（P > 0.05）. The average gestation length was shorter in the FET group than in the fresh transfer group（P < 0.05）. Conclusions For patients with obstructive azoosper⁃ mia，fresh or frozen⁃thawed blastocyst transfer after ICSI⁃ET with testicular sperms has no effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.