Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of single⁃center deceased⁃donor（DD）versus relative living⁃donor（LD）on kidney transplantation and to predict the risk factors for postoperative complications. Methods Demographic and clinical data of 254 recipients who underwent allogeneic renal transplantation in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 with follow⁃up to July 2021were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 141 cases were assigned to the DD group and 113 cases to the LD group for statistical analysis. Results There were no significant differences between the DD group and the LD group in recipient gender，recipient BMI value， preoperative creatinine and blood creatinine values at 12 and 24 month after surgery. The DD group was significantly higher than the LD group in terms of donor gender，age of donors，age of recipients，preoperative dialysis time， and postoperative hospital stay. In terms of surgical prognosis，the incidence of delayed graft function（DGF），pul⁃ monary infection，acute rejection and graft loss（including graft failure and graft nephrectomy）in the DD group were significantly higher than those in the LD group. The survival rate of 85.1% in the DD group was lower than 96.5% in the LD group. Logistic regression analysis showed the risk factors for DGF were group types. The risk factors of pulmonary infection were group type，donor age and recipient age. And group type and donor age were the risk factors for renal graft loss. Conclusions Although DD is the main source of kidney donation at present， relevant data from our center and other centers showed that its short⁃term clinical effect was worse than that of LD. Therefore，we need to improve the prognosis of DD from the aspects of organ acquisition，preservation and trans⁃ plantation. Further analysis showed that，regardless of DD or LD，the preoperative demographic status of the recipi⁃ ent or donor also affected the occurrence and development of postoperative DGF，pulmonary infection and renal graft loss，which inspired us to find interventions to improve the prognosis.