实用医学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12): 1613-1618.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006⁃5725.2021.12.020

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2004-2019年安徽省0~2岁儿童流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行病学特征

王斌冰, 毛雷婧,罗献伟, 陈霞, 唐继海    

  1. 安徽省疾病预防控制中心免疫预防科(合肥 230601)

  • 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-06-25
  • 基金资助:

    中国肝炎防治基金会中国乙肝防控科研基金(编号:YGFK20190031)

Current epidemiological analysis of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis cases among children aged 0⁃2 years in Anhui province,2004-2019 

WANG Binbing,MAO Leijing,LUO Xianwei,CHEN Xia,TANG Jihai.    

  1. Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei 230601,China 

  • Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-06-25

摘要:

目的 分析安徽省0 ~ 2岁儿童流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)的流行病学特征,评价免疫策略实施效果,为流脑预防控制提供参考依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法分析 2004-2019 年中国疾病预 防控制信息系统中安徽省流脑发病数据。结果 2004-2019 年安徽省 0~2 岁儿童共报告病例 124 例,年平均发病率 0.33/10 万,年平均死亡率 0.10/10 万,年平均病死率 29.84%。发病集中于冬春季节,发病数、平均发病率最高均为合肥市。病例中检出 A 群、B 群、C Nm,其中 A 群、C Nm 均发生于 2009 年之前,B Nm 均发生于 2012 年之后。人群抗体水平调查显示 69 0 ~ 2 岁儿童 A C 群脑膜炎球菌多糖结合疫苗 初次免疫后,抗体水平出现降低,3 岁时 A 群、C 群抗体阳性率分别为 84.06%、47.83%,C 群抗体水平降低更为明显。结论 2004-2019 年安徽省 0 ~ 2 岁儿童流脑发病由高发逐渐转为低发水平,安徽省基础免疫策 略调整具有针对性,实验室监测提示该人群流脑流行菌群有变迁趋势,儿童在初次免疫后流脑抗体水平逐渐下降,需要及时进行加强免疫,并加强针对流脑血清群变异趋势监测。

关键词:

流行性脑脊髓膜炎, 流行病学特征

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis (MM)in children aged 0 ~ 2 years among Anhui province from 2004 to 2019,to evaluate the effect of immunization strategy,and to provide evidence for the control and prevention of MM. Methods The descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze data from China information system for disease control and prevention during 2004- 2019. Results from 2004 to 2019,124 MM cases were reported totally,and the average annual incidence rate of MM among children aged 0 ~ 2 years in Anhui was 0.33/100 000,the average annual death rate was 0.10/100 000 the average annual fatality rate was 29.84%. Most MM cases among children aged 0 ~ 2 years occurred during winter⁃ spring. The case number and annual incidence rate of Hefei were highest. Serogroup A ,serogroup B and serogroup C were detected in cases,moreover,Serogroup A and serogroup C cases occurred before 2009,Serogroup B cases occurred after 2012. Antibody level against serogroup A and serogroup C declined among 69 children aged 0 ~ 2 years after primary vaccination,positive rates of antibodies against serogroup A and serogroup C were 84.06% and 47.83% in children when they were three years old. Conclusion The reported incidence of MM cases in children aged 0 ~ 2 years declined from the peak and remained at a low and sporadic level in recent years in Anhui during 2004-2019. The adjustment of primary immunization strategy in Anhui Province was targeted. Serogroup B cases occurred in recent years. Antibody level against serogroup A and serogroup C declined among children declined after primary immunization. Booster immunity in time was required. Strengthening immunization and enhancing surveillance were recommended.

Key words:

meningococcal meningitis, epidemiological characteristics