实用医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (19): 2985-2990.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.19.005
• 临床新进展 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2025-06-06
出版日期:
2025-10-10
发布日期:
2025-10-10
通讯作者:
王华
E-mail:1726553540@qq.com
作者简介:
基金资助:
Xiaoning LIU,Yaxue LIANG,Hua. WANG()
Received:
2025-06-06
Online:
2025-10-10
Published:
2025-10-10
Contact:
Hua. WANG
E-mail:1726553540@qq.com
摘要:
结核病目前仍是全球最大的单一传染性病原体致死原因,我国目前仍是结核病高负担国家之一,结核后肺疾病(post-tuberculosis pulmonary disease, PTLD)造成的肺组织结构和功能损伤给人们造成的疾病负担不容小觑;但因既往人们对结核后肺疾病的认知不足,导致结核后人群缺乏该疾病的长程管理。本文对常见的PTLD的流行病学及危害、发病机制、临床表现、诊断方法、治疗和预防措施等方面进行阐述,以期结核科医师强化对PTLD的认识和重视,并对PTLD在病因机制、诊疗方法等存在的局限性以及亟需深入研究的紧迫性加以概述。
中图分类号:
刘晓宁,梁雅雪,王华. 常见结核后肺疾病的诊疗进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025, 41(19): 2985-2990.
Xiaoning LIU,Yaxue LIANG,Hua. WANG. The current status and diagnostic and therapeutic progress of common post⁃tuberculosis pulmonary disease[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2025, 41(19): 2985-2990.
表1
肺结核后气流阻塞性肺病与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的主要区别"
项目 | PTLD-AFO | COPD |
---|---|---|
临床概况 | 大多是肺结核后有持续症状的年轻人 | 大多数是既往有吸烟史或环境暴露(生物燃料或其他)的老年人 |
症状 | 咳嗽、呼吸困难或咯血[合并慢性肺曲霉病(CPA)或支气管扩张] | 呼吸困难或咳痰 |
发病机制 | 气道异常愈合、气道平滑肌破坏、支气管周围纤维化、肺实质破坏伴空洞形成 | 黏液腺肥大、杯状细胞增生,气道平滑肌肥大,呼吸性细支气管、肺泡导管和肺泡破坏 |
肺功能 | 固定性气流阻塞 | 固定或部分可逆性气流阻塞 |
胸部CT表现 | 空洞、结节、马赛克征、胸膜纤维化等 | 气道壁增厚、肺气肿 |
自然病程 | 可以是静态的,也可以是进行性的,并伴有多次急性加重 | 病情进展,反复出现急性加重 |
治疗 | 根据表型,包括气管镜介入治疗、吸入支气管扩张剂等 | 吸入支气管扩张剂 |
[1] | World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2023[C]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2023. |
[2] |
AULD S C, BARCZAk A K, BISHAI W, et al. Pathogenesis of Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease: Defining Knowledge Gaps and Research Priorities at the Second International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2024,210(8):979-993. doi:10.1164/rccm.202402-0374so
doi: 10.1164/rccm.202402-0374so |
[3] |
PATIL S, NARKAR S, RAKA V, et al. ‘Destroyed lung’ as post tuberculosis sequel: A preventable stigma of ‘disease of concern’ of millennium[J]. Saudi J Med,2023, 8 :112-119. doi:10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i03.007
doi: 10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i03.007 |
[4] |
AKALU T Y, CLEMENTS A C A, LIYEW A M, et al. Risk factors associated with post-tuberculosis sequelae: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. E Clin Med, 2024,77:102898. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102898
doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102898 |
[5] |
ROMANOWSKI K, BAUMANN B, BASHAM C A, et al. Long-term all-cause mortality in people treated for tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2019,19(10):1129-1137. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30309-3
doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30309-3 |
[6] |
ALLWOOD B W, VAN DER ZALM M M, AMARAL A F S, et al. Post-tuberculosis lung health: Perspectives from the First International Symposium[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2020,24(8):820-828. doi:10.5588/ijtld.20.0067
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0067 |
[7] |
BYRNE A, ALLWOOD B, SCHOEMAN I, et al. “Post tuberculosis”: The urgent need for inclusion of lung health outcomes in tuberculosis treatment trials[J]. Eur Respir J, 2023,62(3):2300950. doi:10.1183/13993003.00950-2023
doi: 10.1183/13993003.00950-2023 |
[8] |
HERMANS S M, AKKERMAN O W, MEINTJES G, et al. Post-tuberculosis treatment paradoxical reactions[J]. Infection, 2024,52(5):2083-2095. doi:10.1007/s15010-024-02310-0
doi: 10.1007/s15010-024-02310-0 |
[9] |
MEGHJI J, AULD S C, BISSON G P, et al. Post-tuberculosis lung disease: Towards prevention, diagnosis, and care[J]. Lancet Respir Med, 2025,13(5):460-472. doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00429-6
doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00429-6 |
[10] | 唐神结,李亮. 应重视结核后肺疾病的防治[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2022,45(10):951-954. |
[11] |
KEMPKER R R, SALINDRI A D, AVALIANI T, et al. High rates of post-tuberculosis lung disease among persons successfully treated for drug-susceptible and resistant tuberculosis[J]. Thorax, 2025,thorax-2024-222350. doi:10.1136/thorax-2024-222350
doi: 10.1136/thorax-2024-222350 |
[12] |
XING Z, SUN T, JANSSENS J P, et al. Airflow obstruction and small airway dysfunction following pulmonary tuberculosis: A cross-sectional survey[J]. Thorax, 2023,78(3):274-280. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-218345
doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-218345 |
[13] |
BYRNE A, AL-HINDAWI Y, PLIT M, et al. The prevalence and pattern of post tuberculosis lung disease including pulmonary hypertension from an Australian TB service; a single-centre, retrospective cohort study[J]. BMC Pulm Med, 2025,25(1):84. doi:10.1186/s12890-025-03549-5
doi: 10.1186/s12890-025-03549-5 |
[14] |
CUPIDO G, GUNTHER G. Post tuberculosis lung disease and tuberculosis sequelae: A narrative review[J]. Indian J Tuberc, 2024,71(1):64-72. doi:10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.04.001
doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.04.001 |
[15] |
SANKAR P, RAMOS R B, CORRO J, et al. Fatty acid metabolism in neutrophils promotes lung damage and bacterial replication during tuberculosis[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2024,20(10):e1012188. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1012188
doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012188 |
[16] |
WANG X, LIN W, LI H, et al. Soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 as a predictive biomarker for severity and poor prognosis in pulmonary tuberculosis[J]. Ann Med, 2025,57(1):2527364. doi:10.1080/07853890.2025.2527364
doi: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2527364 |
[17] |
MALEFANE L, MAARMAN G. Post-tuberculosis lung disease and inflammatory role players: Can we characterise the myriad inflammatory pathways involved to gain a better understanding?[J] .Chem Biol Interact, 2024,387:110817. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110817
doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110817 |
[18] |
SEHGAL I S, DHOORIA S, MUTHU V, et al. Burden, clinical features, and outcomes of post-tuberculosis chronic obstructive lung diseases[J]. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 2024,30(2):156-166. doi:10.1097/mcp.0000000000001026
doi: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001026 |
[19] |
ARORA V K, RAJPAl S. Tuberculosis and COPD: A multimorbidity syndrome[J]. Indian J Tuberc, 2025,25():S3-S4. doi:10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.02.010
doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.02.010 |
[20] | 袁建林,冯海沜,罗远明,等. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并活动性肺结核的临床特征、预测因素及短期预后 [J]. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2024, 23 (9): 609-616. |
[21] |
LIN Y, LIU Y, ZHANG G, et al. Is It Feasible to Conduct Post-Tuberculosis Assessments at the End of Tuberculosis Treatment under Routine Programmatic Conditions in China?[J].Trop Med Infect Dis, 2021,6(3):164. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed6030164
doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed6030164 |
[22] | 楚伟杰,毋娜,张珊珊. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者合并结核分枝杆菌感染的危险因素分析 [J]. 现代医药卫生, 2025, 41(3): 638-640+645. |
[23] |
LEUNG C L, JERENE D, MEGHJI J, et al. Post-TB sequelae and care: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research[J]. IJTLD Open, 2025,2(6):339-345. doi:10.5588/ijtldopen.25.0084
doi: 10.5588/ijtldopen.25.0084 |
[24] |
GAI X, ALLWOOD B, SUN Y. Advances in the awareness of tuberculosis-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Chin Med J Pulm Crit Care Med, 2024,2(4):250-256. doi:10.1016/j.pccm.2024.08.008
doi: 10.1016/j.pccm.2024.08.008 |
[25] |
RHEE C K, YOO K H, LEE J H, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with tuberculosis-destroyed lung[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2013,17(1):67-75. doi:10.5588/ijtld.12.0351
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0351 |
[26] | 王益德,田宗祥,李争,等. 基于倾向性评分匹配的结核相关阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能及影像学特征分析[J]. 中国全科医学,2022,25(14):1718-1723. |
[27] |
KIM S J, LEE J, PARK Y S, et al. Effect of airflow limitation on acute exacerbations in patients with destroyed lungs by tuberculosis[J]. J Korean Med Sci, 2015,30(6):737-742. doi:10.3346/jkms.2015.30.6.737
doi: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.6.737 |
[28] |
MENON B, NIMA G, DOGRA V, et al. Evaluation of the radiological sequelae after treatment completion in new cases of pulmonary, pleural, and mediastinal tuberculosis[J]. Lung India, 2015,32(3):241-245. doi:10.4103/0970-2113.156233
doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.156233 |
[29] |
MALECHE-OBIMBO E, ODJIANBO M A, NJERI L, et al. Magnitude and factors associated with post-tuberculosis lung disease in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. PLOS Glob Public Health, 2022,2(12):e0000805. doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000805
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000805 |
[30] | 古丽茹·阿热斯兰,祖菲亚·努尔买买提,黄霞,等. 结核后支气管扩张的临床特征及危险因素 [J]. 现代生物医学进展, 2022, 22 (18): 3469-3473. |
[31] |
CHOI H, XU J F, CHOTIRMALL S H, et al. Bronchiectasis in Asia: A review of current status and challenges[J]. Eur Respir Rev, 2024,33(173):240096. doi:10.1183/16000617.0096-2024
doi: 10.1183/16000617.0096-2024 |
[32] |
ARBAT A, GANDHASIRI D, CHOURASIA S, et al. Clinical, radiological and microbiological profile of post-tuberculosis versus nontuberculosis bronchiectasis patients at a tertiary care centre of Central India: A retrospective study[J]. Tuberk Toraks,2025,73(2):132-143. doi:10.5578/tt.2025021014
doi: 10.5578/tt.2025021014 |
[33] |
NIGHTINGALE R, CHINOKO B, LESOSKY M, et al. Respiratory symptoms and lung function in patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis in Malawi: A prospective cohort study[J]. Thorax, 2022,77(11):1131-1139. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217190
doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217190 |
[34] |
CHOI H, LEE H, RA S W, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Post-Tuberculosis Bronchiectasis: Findings from the KMBARC Registry[J]. J Clin Med, 2021,10(19):4542. doi:10.3390/jcm10194542
doi: 10.3390/jcm10194542 |
[35] |
SEO H, SI CHA, PARK J, et al. Hemoptysis as the presenting manifestation of bronchiectasis-associated hospitalization in Korea[J]. J Thorac Dis, 2023,15(7):3636-3645. doi:10.21037/jtd-22-1541
doi: 10.21037/jtd-22-1541 |
[36] |
BONGOMIN F. Post-tuberculosis chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: An emerging public health concern[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2020,16(8):e1008742. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008742
doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008742 |
[37] |
HUISAMEN T, THOMSON H, HARRINGTON K R V, et al. A retrospective study exploring chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in post-tuberculosis lung disease patients[J]. J Thorac Dis, 2025,17(1):320-332. doi:10.21037/jtd-24-1062
doi: 10.21037/jtd-24-1062 |
[38] |
AJAYABABU A, MEENA V P, SETHI P, et al. Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients With Prior Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Study on the Burden, Clinic-Radiological Features, Treatment Outcomes and Comparison With Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Post-Tubercular Lung Disease Patients[J]. Mycoses, 2025,68(2):e70034. doi:10.1111/myc.70034
doi: 10.1111/myc.70034 |
[39] | 秦丽莉,杨澄清,麦洪珍,等. 结核后肺曲霉病的临床诊疗研究进展[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2025, 47 (4): 498-504. |
[40] |
TAYLOR J, BASTOS M L, LACHAPELLE-CHISHOLM S, et al. Residual respiratory disability after successful treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. E Clin Med, 2023,59:101979. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101979
doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101979 |
[41] |
SINGLA R, SINGHAL R, RATHORE R, et al. Risk factors for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in post-TB patients[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2021,25(4):324-326. doi:10.5588/ijtld.20.0735
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0735 |
[42] |
NGUYEN N T B, LE NGOC H, NGUYEN N V, et al. Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis Situation among Post Tuberculosis Patients in Vietnam: An Observational Study[J]. J Fungi (Basel), 2021,7(7):532. doi:10.3390/jof7070532
doi: 10.3390/jof7070532 |
[43] |
KWIZERA R, KATENDE A, BONGOMIN F, et al. Misdiagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis as pulmonary tuberculosis at a tertiary care center in Uganda: A case series[J]. J Med Case Rep, 2021,15(1):140. doi:10.1186/s13256-021-02721-9
doi: 10.1186/s13256-021-02721-9 |
[44] | 中华医学会呼吸病学分会.慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴肺曲霉病诊治和管理专家共识[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2024,47(7):604-622. |
[45] |
RATNAKUMAR S, HAYWARD S E, DENNENY E K, et al. Post-pulmonary tuberculosis lung function: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Lancet Glob Health,2025,13(6):e1020-e1029. doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(25)00105-6
doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(25)00105-6 |
[46] |
DANIELS K J, IRUSEN E, PHARAOH H, et al. Post-tuberculosis health-related quality of life, lung function and exercise capacity in a cured pulmonary tuberculosis population in the Breede Valley District, South Africa[J]. S Afr J Physiother, 2019,75(1):1319. doi:10.4102/sajp.v75i1.1319
doi: 10.4102/sajp.v75i1.1319 |
[47] |
ZHU L, WANG B, GU J,et al. IFNγ-secreting T cells that highly express IL-2 potently inhibit the growth of intracellular M. tuberculosis in macrophages[J]. Front Immunol, 2024,15:1469118. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1469118
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1469118 |
[48] |
AL-ZUBAIDI M I, LAFI S A, ABDULATEEF Y M. Cytokine Dysregulation in pulmonary Tuberculosis: The role of TNF-α/IL-10 and TNF-α/TGF-β ratios as severity indicators[J]. Hum Immunol, 2025,86(2):111256. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111256
doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111256 |
[49] | 盖林林,孙维策,褚锦锦,等. 活动性肺结核相关巨噬细胞M1/M2极化的改变及ESAT6对巨噬细胞极化的影响 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40 (20): 2867-2873. |
[50] |
ALLWOOD B W, VAN DER ZALM M M, AMARAL A F S, et al. Post-tuberculosis lung health: Perspectives from the First International Symposium[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2020,24(8):820-828. doi:10.5588/ijtld.20.0067
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0067 |
[51] |
YUM H K, PARK I N. Effect of inhaled tiotropium on spirometric parameters in patients with tuberculous destroyed lung[J]. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul), 2014,77(4):167-171. doi:10.4046/trd.2014.77.4.167
doi: 10.4046/trd.2014.77.4.167 |
[52] |
YUE J Q, TANG R D, GUAN W J. Autologous transplantation of lung progenitor cells comes into reality for bronchiectasis[J]. Cell Rep Med, 2024,5(11):101821. doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101821
doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101821 |
[1] | 王佳慧,郑可,李雪梅. 脂质组学在肾脏疾病中的应用与进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025, 41(1): 1-6. |
[2] | 李媛,刘会玲,吴丹,李宝宝. 毒力因子在复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病中的研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(16): 2347-2351. |
[3] | 郭海文 余韶卫. 特定学习障碍诊断的研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2023, 39(4): 395-399. |
[4] | 张建锋,于滨,张振亚,王贵英. 结直肠癌术后谵妄的诊治研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2023, 39(20): 2687-2690. |
[5] | 黄颖 唐立丽 关于琳 张杰 李小悦 . 脓毒症心肌损伤发病机制及治疗研究进展 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2023, 39(14): 1848-1852. |
[6] | 马颖 黄思霞 黄柳菁 蔡朝霞 马菘 梁晓珊 . 微生物组学——子宫内膜异位症病因学研究新方向 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022, 38(24): 3027-3031. |
[7] | 钟榕槟, 饶明聪, 黄敏方. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与失眠共病的研究进展 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022, 38(2): 134-138. |
[8] | 李荔 周嘉禾 李末娟 钟明琳 张小伟 许秋仪 梁莲云. 多囊卵巢综合征表观遗传学、代谢组学、肠道菌群新机制前沿展望 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022, 38(16): 1987-1992. |
[9] | 叶明君 戴勇 汤冬娥 李强 尹良红. 腹膜透析代谢组学研究进展 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022, 38(1): 1-6. |
[10] | 厉颖 李灿委 范孟然 刘卫红 高鹏飞..
酒精性肝病的代谢组学研究进展
[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2021, 37(7): 944-947. |
[11] | 蒋龙元 .
免疫紊乱在脓毒症中的作用
[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2021, 37(6): 701-704. |
[12] | 姚超逸, 张义德.
Ⅳ型心肾综合征发病机制研究新进展
[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2021, 37(4): 542-546. |
[13] | 张通 蔡金池 袁志发 赵海燕 王文己.
缺血性视神经病变所致脊柱术后失明的研究进展
[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2021, 37(2): 129-133. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||