实用医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1548-1554.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.10.017

• 临床研究 • 上一篇    

下肢外骨骼机器人在脊髓型颈椎病微创术后康复中的应用价值

娄凤桐1,2,王海军2,曹蕊2,赵国彤2,丁宇2()   

  1. 1.锦州医科大学研究生院 (辽宁 锦州 121001 )
    2.中国人民解放军总医院第六医学中心中医骨伤科 (北京 100048 )
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-13 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-05-21
  • 通讯作者: 丁宇 E-mail:18600310206@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    解放军总医院第六医学中心创新培育基金项目(CXPY202221)

The application value of lower limb exoskeleton robots in postoperative rehabilitation following minimally invasive surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Fengtong LOU1,2,Haijun WANG2,Rui CAO2,Guotong ZHAO2,Yu. DING2()   

  1. *.Graduate School,Jinzhou Medical University,Jinzhou 121001,Liaoning,China
    *.Orthopedics of TCM Clinical Unit,the Sixth Medical Center,PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100048,Beijing,China
  • Received:2025-02-13 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-05-21
  • Contact: Yu. DING E-mail:18600310206@163.com

摘要:

目的 探讨应用外骨骼机器人对脊髓型颈椎病微创术后患者下肢功能康复的临床疗效。 方法 回顾性分析2021年4月至2022年10月收治的56例脊柱内镜微创手术后患者,根据术后康复治疗的不同方式,分为观察组(机器人康复组)和对照组(常规康复组)。观察术前、术后4周、术后8周的颈脊髓功能JOA评分、下肢体感诱发电位波幅以及下肢步态分析指标:步频、步速、支撑相比值。 结果 术后4周、8周两组患者JOA评分、下肢体感诱发电位波幅以及下肢步态分析指标(步频、步速、支撑相比值)均较术前显著改善(P < 0.05);其中,观察组在术后4周、8周的JOA评分、下肢体感诱发电位波幅以及步态分析各项指标,均显著优于对照组同期数据(P < 0.05),但在术后2年的随访中,观察组的各项指标与对照组差异并无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论 下肢外骨骼机器人康复较传统康复可更快促进脊髓型颈椎病微创术后患者的脊髓功能和下肢步行功能的恢复,较传统康复具有更优的短期临床疗效,但长期随访二者并无显著性差异。

关键词: 脊髓型颈椎病, 微创手术, 下肢外骨骼机器人, 功能康复

Abstract:

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of applying exoskeleton robots in lower limb functional rehabilitation for patients after minimally invasive surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 56 patients who underwent spinal endoscopic minimally invasive surgery between April 2021 and October 2022. Based on the rehabilitation methods, patients were divided into the observation group (robot-assisted rehabilitation group) and the control group (conventional rehabilitation group). The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores for cervical spinal cord function, lower limb somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes, and gait analysis indicators (step frequency, walking speed, and stance phase ratio) were assessed preoperatively, 4 weeks postoperatively, and 8 weeks postoperatively. Results In 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, both groups showed significant improvements in JOA scores, lower-limb somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes, and gait parameters (step frequency, walking speed, and stance phase ratio) compared with preoperative data(P < 0.05). Furthermore, the improvements in JOA scores, somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes, and gait parameters in the observation group were significantly greater than those in the control group at both 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively (P < 0.05). However, at the 2-year follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the two groups in any of these measures. Conclusions Rehabilitation using lower limb exoskeleton robots can accelerate spinal cord function recovery and improve lower limb walking ability in patients after minimally invasive surgery for CSM, demonstrating superior short-term clinical efficacy compared to conventional rehabilitation. However, no significant differences were observed between the two methods during long-term follow-up.

Key words: cervical spondylotic myelopathy, minimally invasive surgery, lower limb exoskeleton robot, functional rehabilitation

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