实用医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (20): 3256-3266.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.20.016

• 医学检查与临床诊断 • 上一篇    下一篇

精浆外泌体miR-26a-5p靶向PTEN调控特发性畸形精子症的分子机制及诊断价值

刘春辉1,吴瑞鹏2,王志强1,陕文生1,李少君3()   

  1. 1.甘肃省妇幼保健院(甘肃省中心医院),男科,(甘肃 兰州 730050 )
    3.甘肃省妇幼保健院(甘肃省中心医院),泌尿外科,(甘肃 兰州 730050 )
    2.甘肃省人民医院神经内科 (甘肃 兰州 730010 )
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-26 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 李少君 E-mail:kendog@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技计划资助项目(23JRRA1743);甘肃省科技计划资助项目(23JRRA1754);兰州市科技发展指导性计划项目(2020-ZD-4)

Molecular mechanisms and diagnostic value of seminal plasma exosomal miR-26a-5p targeting PTEN in idiopathic teratozoospermia

Chunhui LIU1,Ruipeng WU2,Zhiqiang WANG1,Wensheng SHAN1,Shaojun. LI3()   

  1. *.Department of Andrology,Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital),Lanzhou 730050,Gansu,China
  • Received:2025-05-26 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-05
  • Contact: Shaojun. LI E-mail:kendog@163.com

摘要:

目的 探讨精浆外泌体miR-26a-5p及其靶基因在特发性畸形精子症中的作用机制,揭示其调控精子形态异常的通路,为临床诊断和靶向干预提供依据。 方法 采用病例对照研究设计,纳入154例男性受试者(畸形精子症组TZS 84例,正常对照组NC 70例)。通过精浆外泌体分离,筛选差异表达miRNA,分析预测靶基因及信号通路。利用双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-26a-5p与PTEN的直接结合作用,通过实时荧光定量PCR、Western blot检测miRNA及蛋白表达水平。采用Spearman相关性分析评估miR-26a-5p、PTEN与精子形态参数的关系,并通过ROC曲线分析诊断效能。 结果 精浆外泌体miRNA测序共鉴定出11种差异表达miRNA,其中miR-26a-5p在TZS组显著上调(P < 0.05),且与TZS组的正常形态精子占比呈负相关(r = -0.762,P < 0.05)。PTEN为miR-26a-5p的直接靶基因,其表达在TZS组显著降低(P < 0.05),并与TZS组的精子正常形态率呈正相关(r = 0.821,P < 0.05)。miR-26a-5p与PTEN呈负相关(r = -0.878,P < 0.05)。双荧光素酶实验证实miR-26a-5p可特异性抑制PTEN 3'UTR活性(荧光素酶活性降低45%,P < 0.05)。功能富集分析显示,miR-26a-5p-PTEN轴通过调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR、p53、Wnt/β-catenin及NF?κB通路,加剧氧化应激、DNA损伤及精子细胞分裂异常。ROC曲线分析表明,miR-26a-5p与PTEN对畸形精子症的诊断效能分别为AUCROC = 0.785(灵敏度78.9%,特异度71.3%)和AUCROC = 0.754(灵敏度73.3%,特异度75.1%)。 结论 miR-26a-5p通过靶向抑制PTEN,激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR等通路并抑制DNA修复功能,导致氧化应激积累及精子形态异常。精浆外泌体miR-26a-5p高表达与PTEN低表达的组合模式显示出对特发性畸形精子症的诊断潜力,其分子机制为标志物开发提供了理论依据。靶向沉默miR-26a-5p或联合AKT/mTOR抑制剂及抗氧化治疗,可能成为改善精子形态的新策略。

关键词: 精浆外泌体, 畸形精子症, miR-26a-5p, PTEN, 分子机制

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to elucidate the functional mechanism through which seminal plasma exosomal miR-26a-5p and its target genes contribute to idiopathic teratozoospermia, with emphasis on their regulatory pathways in sperm morphogenesis defects, thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for novel diagnostic markers and targeted therapies. Methods A case-control study design was adopted, enrolling 154 male subjects (84 in the teratozoospermia group [TZS] and 70 in the normal control group [NC]). Seminal plasma exosomes were isolated to screen differentially expressed miRNAs, followed by prediction and analysis of target genes and signaling pathways. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were employed to validate the direct binding of miR-26a-5p to PTEN. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure miRNA and protein expression levels. Spearman correlation analysis evaluated relationships between miR-26a-5p, PTEN, and sperm morphological parameters, while ROC curve analysis assessed diagnostic efficacy. Results Seminal plasma exosomal miRNA sequencing identified 11 differentially expressed miRNAs, with miR-26a-5p significantly upregulated in the TZS group (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with the percentage of normal sperm morphology in TZS (r = -0.762, P < 0.05). PTEN was confirmed as a direct target of miR-26a-5p, with its expression significantly reduced in the TZS group (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with normal sperm morphology (r = 0.821, P < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between miR-26a-5p and PTENr = -0.878, P < 0.05). Dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that miR-26a-5p specifically inhibited PTEN 3'UTR activity (45% reduction in luciferase activity, P < 0.05). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the miR-26a-5p-PTEN axis exacerbates oxidative stress, DNA damage, and abnormal spermatocyte division by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, p53, Wnt/β-catenin, and NF?κB pathways. ROC analysis showed diagnostic efficacy for teratozoospermia with AUCROC values of 0.785 (sensitivity 78.9%, specificity 71.3%) for miR-26a-5p and 0.754 (sensitivity 73.3%, specificity 75.1%) for PTEN. Conclusions miR-26a-5p suppresses PTEN through targeted inhibition, activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways while impairing DNA repair functions. This cascade leads to accumulated oxidative stress and sperm morphological abnormalities. The combined pattern of elevated seminal plasma exosomal miR-26a-5p expression and reduced PTEN levels demonstrates diagnostic potential for idiopathic teratozoospermia, with its molecular mechanism providing a theoretical foundation for biomarker development. Targeted silencing of miR-26a-5p, either alone or in combination with AKT/mTOR inhibitors and antioxidant therapy, may represent a novel strategy for improving sperm morphology.

Key words: seminal plasma exosomes, teratozoospermia, miR-26a-5p, PTEN, molecular mechanisms

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